COMMUNICATIO

N
COMMUNICATION
• Is at the center of all human existence.
• Communication is the lifeblood of any
organization.
• It links us to others physically,
emotionally, and intellectually.
Communication is a process which aims to
transfer and implement the meaning of symbols
from one person, group of organization to
another.
Its ultimate goal is the
sharing of meaning.
SENDER is the communicator while
RECEIVER can be an individual or
group.
Communication Loop from Top
Management to Rank and File

Receiver:
Sender: Symbol: R&F
President Words Employees

Medium:
Pathway: Chain
Mimeographed
of Command
Letter

• Message is communicated through symbols that are sent

through a medium such as memo or a phone call.
 • Intrapersonal Communication –
this occurs when the sender and the
receiver of the message is one and
the same person.
TYPES OF • Interpersonal Communication –
COMMUNICATI this requires two people interacting
ON with each other.
1. Number of • Group Communication – involves
people involved
several people.
• Mass Communication – takes place
with an indefinite number of
people which some would term as a
faceless audience.
 • Downward – leadership is autocratic. The
main motivation for this type of
communication is to guide and direct the
behavior of those individuals at the lower
organization levels.
TYPES OF • Upward – the lower level feels free to
COMMUNICATI initiate and suggest new programs and
ON projects which are welcomed by
2. Levels of management.
source and • Horizontal – Individuals communicate
receiver with others who are on the same level.
• Circular – starts at any point or level.
• Cross-channel/Diagonal – direction of
information flow takes this type of
communication in inter-unit exchange.
Ways of Communicating in Organization
Formal Channels Informal Channels
• For TOP Mgt.: Memoranda, • Hosted meals, use of key
Policy issuance, Meetings, informants like secretaries,
Conference, Briefings aids, runners
• For MIDDLE Mgt.: • Informal meetings, Liaisons,
Memoranda, Reports, bridges
Meetings, Conference
• For Rank & File: Meetings, • Small talk, grapevine
Letters
Factors that affect the quality of
communication
• Goal Clarity – is • Receiver – the person of the
intended to elicit action recipient--- not to overlook
the persons ability to listen
towards the achievement because communication
of certain goals. breaks down without this
ability.
• Sender – the person of a
• Symbol – phraseology and
sender---his qualities,
the format of the message is a
characteristics, status, very important factor. Verbal
role---affects communication should be
communication flows. formulated with care.
Factors that affect the quality of
communication
• Medium – its used depends
on the content, objectives,
scope of the message.
• Pathways – passages
through which the message
travels can either be clear
or clogged up with physical
or psychological
disturbances.
• Information Overload –
many of our managers
drowning in a flood of
numbers of data,
information to cope
effectively
• Feedback – the reaction of
the recipient determines
its success or failure.