Understanding History of the

Philippines

Ortiz, Aishlly
Rabino, gener
Robis, kenneth
 What is History?

STUDY OF THE PAST

STUDY OF THE PAST
Gottchalk (1969) writes; history is a systematic
account of a set of phenomena, whether or not
chronological.
Gottchalk It has been
(1969) writes; saidisAll
history HISTORY TEACHES
a systematic
accountand
of everyone says “THE LESSON
a set of phenomena, whether OForHISTORY.”
not
chronological. It has been said All HISTORY TEACHES
 Definition & subject matter:

History is always been known as the study of the past.

Students of general education often dread the subject
Historyforisits notoriety
always beeninknown
requiring them
as the to of
study memorize
the past.dates,
Students ofplaces, names
general and events
education from distant
often dread eras.
the subject
for its notoriety in requiring them to memorize dates,
places, names and events from distant eras.
 The term history comes from the Greek word “Historia”
That means knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation.

It existed around 2400 years ago and it is also existed with as old as mathematics and
philosophy.

This term was then adapted to classical Latin where it acquired a new definition.
“Historia” became known as the account of the past of a person or of a group of people
through written documents and historical evidences.
 Classical latin
When positivism and empirical sciences comes in 21st century the
study of history become very relevant to people’s life.
When positivism and empirical sciences comes in 21st century the
study of history become very relevant to people’s life.
History became known as the studies the past accounts of people,
group of people, past events such as wars, civilization, revolution,
History became known as the studies the past accounts of people,
and etc.
group of people, past events such as wars, civilization, revolution,
By through written documents
and etc. and evidences.
By through written documents and evidences.
 History became an important academic
discipline

It became the historian’s duty to write about the lives of

important
It becameindividuals like monarchs,
the historian’s duty to writeheroes, saints,
about the livesand
of
nobilities.individuals
important It was alsolike
focused on writing
monarchs, about
heroes, wars,
saints, and
revolutions,
nobilities. andalso
It was other important
focused breakthroughs.
on writing about wars,
revolutions, and other important breakthroughs.
What counts as
history?
 “No document, No history”

Traditional historians lived with the mantra, that is written

above. It means that unless a written document can prove a
certain
Traditional historical
historians event,
lived withthen it cannotthat
the mantra, be considered
is written as a
above. It means that unless ahistorical fact.
written document can prove a
certain historical event, then it cannot be considered as a
historical fact.
 As history progressed
History does not limit to document, it doesn’t mean
that even though there’s no document, that nothing
going
History does nottolimit
prove
to there’s no history
document, happened.
it doesn’t mean
that even though there’s no document, that nothing
going to prove there’s no history happened.
Oral tradition also count as history such as memoirs, testimonies of
people’s who where the primary sources that have direct experience.
 There is two terms to clarify

History Historiography
 The Difference

• History objectives is to study the • Historiography is the history of

past itself. history.

Historiography study the historical text, context, and the criticizing and analyzing the author. Historiography
deals with sources as valid evidences that indeed in that particular event.
 GE PH. Gen Ed. Readings in Philippine History

This is a new approach in studying Philippine History.

Ourconcern
Our concernisisusing
usinghistoriography
historiographyininthe thePhilippine
PhilippineHistory
History
Historiographylets
Historiography letsyou,
you,especially
especiallytotostudents
studentstotohave
havebetter
better
understandingofofhistory.
understanding history.
You learn also facts and historian context’s of the
You learn also facts and historian context’s of the context ofcontext of
historians
historians
Also,students
Also, studentswill
willbecome
becomecritical
criticalininthe
thelesson
lessonpresented
presentedtotothem.
them.
 Can History be absolutely objective?
NO 1. Facts cannot speak for themselves

NO Historian’s context could be influenced by his/her educational

background, culture, ideologies, etc.

Historian should employ scientific processes such used of

There will always be rooms for empirical evidences and the employment of internal and
subjectivity in history. external criticism, used of historiography itself

However, if is this is the case that there always

be rooms in subjectivity of studying history,
then history will not be considered an academic
discipline
The historians needs also historical sources in their studies.
Historical sources as classified as two.

Primary Secondary
Sources Sources
What is the difference between this two types
of sources?

Primary sources are sources that are Secondary sources is not directly
directly connected to that particular connected towards the object study of
historical object study the past
 Example of Primary Sources
• The Voyage of Magellan in the Philippines
One of the primary sources that we can actually have was the writings of
Antonio Pigafetta

Why it is considered primary source?

Antonio Pigafetta was present, he was with Magellan
during the voyage.
 Example of Secondary Sources
• Philippine Revolution
You might read the book of Teodoro Agoncillo on the Revolt of the Masses

Teodoro Agoncillo book is considered as secondary sources, basically

because it was published in 1956 while the revolution happened the late 19th
century or last years of 18th century
 How we will verify authenticity, credibility, and provenance of the
particular historical source?

1. External Criticism - it is practice of 2. Internal Criticism - it is the examination

verifying the authenticity of the evidence of truthfulness of the evidence of authors,
by examining its physical characteristics. contexts, background of the author.

Both of this is important methodology to verify the veracity of

truth authenticity of such historical sources
 Why do we need to study history?

1. States used history to unite a nation

2. History gives us our collective identity
3. Lesson from the past can be used to make sense of the present
4. Learning from the past mistakes can help us not to repeat them
 5. Being reminded of the great past that inspire
people to keep the good practices and making
those good as a new practice or preserving or
continuing those practices in living right now in the
present and then moving our life forward.
 In history, we can learn heroism of our Philippine
heroes in the past, we can see the patriotism, unity
of Filipinos during the revolution, unity of Filipinos
in achieving nationalism, and gaining freedom.
In history, we can also learn the good deeds of our
heroes like Jose Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, and
other heroes doing extra ordinary deeds that are
worth to remember in history.