CIM MC1707

Lecture 1
BY:
NIKHIL VIVEK SHRIVAS
DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS
MANIPAL UNIVERSITY JAIPUR
Introduction to
Production process
and NC machines
Production
systems
  the factory, production machines and tooling, material handling
equipment, inspection equipment, and computer systems that
control the manufacturing operations.
 Facilities also include the plant layout, which is the way the
equipment is physically arranged in the factory.
 The equipment is usually organized into manufacturing systems,
which are the logical groupings of equipment and workers that
Facilities accomplish the processing

Figure: Three categories of manufacturing systems: (a) manual work system, (b) worker-machine system,
and (c) fully automated system.
  Manufacturing support involves a sequence of activities
 The activities consist of four functions that include much
information flow and data processing:
 (1) business functions, (2) product design, (3) manufacturing
planning, and (4) manufacturing control
Manufacturing
support
systems

Figure: Sequence of information-processing activities in a typical manufacturing firm.

 Bisiness Functions. The business
functions are the principal means by which the
company communicates with the customer.
They are, therefore, the beginning and the end
of the information-processing sequence.
Included in this category are sales and
marketing, sales forecasting, order entry, and
customer billing.
 Product Design. If the product is
manufactured to customer design, the design
has been provided by the customer, and the
manufacturer’s product design department is
not involved.
 If the product is to be produced to customer
specifications, the manufacturer’s product
design department may be contracted to do the
design work for the product as well as to
manufacture it
 Manufacturing planning. The
information and documentation that
constitute the product design flows into
the manufacturing planning function.
The information-processing activities in
manufacturing planning include process
planning, master scheduling, material
requirements planning, and capacity
planning.
 Manufacturing Control. Manufacturing
control is concerned with managing and
controlling the physical operations in
the factory to implement the
manufacturing plans. The flow of
information is from planning to control.
Information also flows back and forth
between manufacturing control and the
factory operations. Included in this
function are shop floor control,
inventory control, and quality control
 The word ‘Automation’ is derived from Greek words “Auto”(self) and “Matos” (moving). Automation
therefore is the mechanism for systems that “move by itself”. However, apart from this original sense of
the word, automated systems also achieve significantly superior performance than what is possible with
manual systems, in terms of power, precision and speed of operation.
Definition: Automation is a set of technologies that results in operation of machines and systems
without significant human intervention and achieves performance superior to manual operation
Automation in Production Systems

Figure: Opportunities for automation and computerization in a production system

  Numerical Control machine = NC machine.
 A NC machine is an automation method, in which the machine
tool control is by means of prepared program having series of
numbers.
 These numbers represents the position of slide, cutting speed,
feed, etc.
Introduction to
NC machine
  I Generation – 1952 (Vacuum tubes),

Generations of  II Generation – 1955 (Electromechanical Relays),

 III Generation – 1960 (Discrete Semi Conductors),
NC Machine  IV Generation – 1965 (Integrated Circuits),
 V Generation – 1968 (DNC),
 VI Generation – 1970 (CNC), and
 VII Generation – 1975 (Micro Processor & Micro
Controller)
NC Machine
 The main components of a NC machine
are as follows:
 Program of instructions
 MCU (Machine Control Unit)
 Machine Tool

Components
of NC Machine
  It is a step by step
direction for
performing the
operation of the
Program of machine tool.
instructions  It uses various input
media like 25 mm
Wider Paper Tape,
Magnetic Tape, and
Punched Card for
storing the programs.
  It reads the program of instructions and translates into
machine tool mechanical actions.
 It has various elements such as tape reader, data buffer,
MCU (Machine signal output channels, feedback channels, sequence
control unit, and a control panel.
Control Unit)
  It is the
important
part in a NC
machine.
 It comprises
slides,
worktables,
and spindle
including
individual
Machine Tool servo
motors and
controls.
 A part programming is a set of instructions with coordinate values
to specify the work of a tool in order to get the preferred machining
form. The different methods of creating part programs are:
 Manual Part Programming
Part Program  Voice Programming
 Computer Aided Part Programming
 MDI Programming (Manual Data Input)
 Graphic NC Programming
  Create the required part program
 Place the work piece on the table
 By the use of control panel buttons, the tools and slides can be
moved with reference to work piece. Place it at zero position of
work piece.
Working of NC  Place the tape in the tape reader

machine  Now by pressing the appropriate control panel, it reads the data in
first block in the tape into data buffer
 After the reading of data in first block, the control signals are
given to machine tool and operation is started
 Next it reads the data in second block and the operation continues
 Corrections are done if it is necessary
  Flexibility with accuracy
 Repeatability

Advantages  Reduced Scrap

 High Production Rates
 Good quality
  Non Optimal Speeds and Feeds

Disadvantages  Unreliable Tape Reader

 Inflexible Controller
Conclusion
 NC technology is concerned with a wide range of
cutting and non cutting operations.
 Overall, a NC machine is very much suitable for work
pieces of small and medium size batches.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oXrG8ivSUqg