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Starter
Starter
Starter
 Lead- Aim of lesson Compound Measure

• Converting time to be able to calculate

• Understanding and Measure of Speed

• Understand and use density and other compound measure

• Unit cost
Time information
 Time information to type use in
calculations

We must always convert time to

a fraction or decimal when doing
calculations with it.
 Time information to type use in
calculations

This is This is This is This is This is

ZERO 15 30 45 60
minutes minutes minutes minutes minutes
Time information to use in calculations
hours to minutes
Examples
 Converting time into a fraction

Hours as a Hours as a minutes

fraction decimal
 Converting time into a fraction

Hours as a Hours as a minutes

fraction decimal

hour 0.5hour 30mins

 Converting time into a fraction

Hours as a Hours as a minutes

fraction decimal

hour 0.5hour 30mins

0.25hour 0.25mins
 Converting time into a fraction

Hours as a Hours as a minutes

fraction decimal

hour 0.5hour 30mins

0.25hour 0.25mins

hour 0.75hour 0.75mins

 Converting time into a fraction

Hours as a Hour1s as a minutes

fraction decimal

hour 0.5hour 30mins

0.25hour 0.25mins

hour 0.75hour 0.75mins

hour 0.3333hour 20mins

 Converting time into a fraction

Hours as a Hours as a minutes

fraction decimal

hour 0.5hour 30mins

0.25hour 0.25mins

hour 0.75hour 0.75mins

hour 0.3333hour 20mins

hour 0.1hour 6mins

 Converting time into a fraction

Hours as a Hours as a minutes

fraction decimal

hour 0.5hour 30mins

0.25hour 0.25mins

hour 0.75hour 0.75mins

hour 0.3333hour 20mins

hour 0.1hour 6mins

hour 0.0833hour 5mins

Time information to use in calculations
minutes to seconds
Examples
Time information to type in a Calculate

Therefore we need to know

Converting time into a fraction

minutes as minutes as a seconds

a decimal
fraction

minutes 0.5minutes 30secs

0.25minutes 0.25secs

minutes 0.75minutes 0.75secs

minutes 0.3333minutes 20secs

minutes 0.1minutes 6secs

minutes 0.0833minutes 5secs

What is compound measure?
 Common compound measures

Commonly used compound measures include:

mass Measured in g/cm3,

Density
volume kg/m3 or kg/l .

distance Measured in m/s, km/h

Speed
time or mph .

force Measured in N/m2 or

Pressure
surface area N/cm2 .

distance Measured in km/l or

Fuel consumption
volume mpg .

2 of 51 © Boardworks Ltd 2005

Understanding and Measure of Speed
Information about compound measure

We use compound measures when we are comparing how

one measurement changes with another.
When one measurement changes in direct proportion with
another it is said to change at a constant rate.
For example, suppose a man is running around a race track.
The total distance he has run changes with time.
The rate at which he runs is called his speed.

distance travelled
Speed =
time taken

Speed is usually measured in km/h, m/s or mph.

Speed What common units do we use to measure speed?

mph
m/s
km/h

Distance What common units do we use to measure distance?

m km
cm miles

Time What common units do we use to measure time?

s m
h
 Speed
mph
m/s
km/h
Speed is measured in compound units:
it is defined by two other units, distance and time.

miles How many miles does

mph = miles per hour = = m/h = the car move in one hour?
hours

We want to measure the speed of the plane,

so we need to measure some distance and some time.

We measure 2 hours on our clock.

We measure it has moved 800 miles.

800 400
Speed = 800 miles per 2 hours = = = 400 mph
2 1
 Distance
Speed =
Time
Calculate the speed of each object given the two measurements.
Which compound unit for speed should you use?

Distance = 40 miles Distance = 200 metres

Time = 1 hour Time = 100 seconds
Speed = 40/1 = 40 mph Speed = 200/100 = 2 m/s

Distance = 240 miles Distance = 100 m

Time = 2 hours Time = 10 s
Speed = 240/2 = 120 mph Speed = 100/10 = 10 m/s

Distance = 300 km Distance = 20 km

Time = 5 hours Time = 30 minutes
Speed = 300/5 = 60 km/h Speed = 20/0.5 = 40 km/h
 Distance
Speed =
Time

The bus travels 100 miles in 2 hours.

100
Speed = = 50 mph
2

Is the bus always travelling at a constant speed of 50 mph?

The bus must

Total Distance
accelerate (increase speed) & Average Speed =
decelerate (decrease speed) Total Time
Using the formula
with a triangle
SDT Formula Triangle Find the equation for speed.

Distance
Speed =
Time

D Find the equation for distance.

S×T Distance = Speed × Time

Find the equation for time.

Distance
Time =
Speed
 Distance
Speed =
Time
Speed = 40 mph
80 miles
40 mph =
Distance = 80 miles 2 hours

Time = 2 hours
Distance = Speed × Time

80 miles = 40 mph × 2 hours

D Time =
Distance
Speed

S T 2 hours =
80 miles
40 mph
 What has Max done wrong?

The motorbike travels 60 miles in 30 minutes.

Calculate the motorbike’s average speed in mph.

Distance
Speed =
Time

60
Speed = = 2 mph
30

miles per hour (most common

Make sure your units match! kilometres per hour speed
metres per second compound units)
DEMO Speed, Distance & Time
A car travels 90 miles in 3 hours.

Calculate the car’s average speed.

a) Convert units (if necessary).

b) Write down the formula needed:

Distance
Speed =
Time

c) Substitute & evaluate

90
Speed = = 30 mph
3
DEMO Speed, Distance & Time YOUR TURN
A train travels 60 miles in 90 minutes. A car travels 30 miles in 30 minutes.

Calculate the train’s average speed. Calculate the train’s average speed.

a) Convert units (if necessary).

90 minutes = 1.5 hours 30 minutes = 0.5 hours

b) Write down the formula needed:

Distance Distance
Speed = Speed =
Time Time

c) Substitute & evaluate

60 30
Speed = = 40 mph Speed = = 60 mph
1.5 0.5
 Complete the table with the speed, distance or time for each object.
Remember to convert units if necessary!

Object Speed Distance Time

Car 120 miles 2 hours

Train 50 km/h 4 hours

Sprinter 10 m/s 200 metres

Bus 30 mph 3 hours

Van 20 km 30 minutes

Jogger 5 m/s 1 km

Walker 5 mph 6 hours

Cyclist 250 km 10 hours

Train (high- 120 mph 45 minutes
speed)
8 km/h 800 m
 Complete the table with the speed, distance or time for each object.
Remember to convert units if necessary!
Half Answers
Object Speed Distance Time
Car 60 mph 120 miles 2 hours

Train 50 km/h 200 km 4 hours

Sprinter 10 m/s 200 metres 20 seconds

Bus 30 mph 90 miles 3 hours

Van 20 km 30 minutes

Jogger 5 m/s 1 km

Walker 5 mph 6 hours

Cyclist 250 km 10 hours

Train (high- 120 mph 45 minutes
speed)
8 km/h 800 m
 Complete the table with the speed, distance or time for each object.
Remember to convert units if necessary!
Answers
Object Speed Distance Time
Car 60 mph 120 miles 2 hours

Train 50 km/h 200 km 4 hours

Sprinter 10 m/s 200 metres 20 seconds

Bus 30 mph 90 miles 3 hours

Van 40 km/h 20 km 30 minutes

Jogger 5 m/s 1 km 200 seconds

Walker 5 mph 30 miles 6 hours

Cyclist 25 km/h 250 km 10 hours

Train (high- 120 mph 90 miles 45 minutes
speed)
8 km/h 800 m 0.1 hours (6 minutes)
Understanding and Measure of density
 Compound measures

Which is heavier: a kilogram of cotton wool

or a kilogram of rocks?
9 of 51 © Boardworks Ltd 2005
 Compound measures

Of course, a kilogram of rocks weighs the same as a

kilogram of cotton wool – they both weigh one kilogram!
If you thought that the rocks were heavier, you were probably
thinking of their density rather than their weight.
Density is an example of a compound measure.
It is a measure of the mass of an object per unit volume.
Density is usually measured in g/cm 3 or kg/m3. It can also
be measured in kg/l.
A density of 1.2 g/cm3 means that every 1 cm3 of the material
has a mass of 1.2 grams.

0 of 51 © Boardworks Ltd 2005

 The mass of an object is the quantity of matter it contains.
It never changes.
The weight of an object is the gravitational force on the object.
It changes with gravity.

The gravity on the moon is lower than on earth,

so the weight of a steel cube would be less on the moon, but its mass would not change.

In deep space, the cube would weigh nothing! (‘weightless’)

Mass = 10 kg
Weight = 98 N
Mass = 10 kg
Weight = 16 N
The apple weighs 400 grams. In everyday language, people incorrectly use
kilograms & grams for weight.

Because it depends on gravity,

we should use Newtons (mass × force of gravity) to
describe weight.

But because gravity is nearly the same all over Earth,

‘weight’ and ‘mass’ are used interchangeably.

Scales measure weight, adjust for Earth’s gravity

& display mass.

Because of changes in the gravitational field,

an apple actually weighs more on the North Pole & less on top of a mountain.
 1 kg of lead & 1 kg of foam.

The mass of each object is the same.

Why is the foam so much larger?

The atoms in lead are closer together than in foam: it is more dense.
 Why do ice cubes float?

When water freezes it expands.

It has the same mass, but a larger volume: it is now less-dense than the water.

The more-dense water stops the less-dense ice sinking.

 Which of these metals is more dense?

Mass Volume Density

1 cm3

15 g 1 cm =5g
of Titanium
1 cm
3 cm 5 g per cm3
= 3 cm3 5 g/cm3

1 cm3
12 g 1 cm =3g
of Aluminium
1 cm
4 cm 3 g per cm3
= 4 cm3 3 g/cm3
 Density describes how tightly packed a material is:

it describes the relationship between mass & volume.

This is a compound measure (like km/h),

because it is derived from other measures.

Mass grams
Density = grams per cm3 g/cm3
Volume cm3

kilograms
kilograms per m3 kg/m3
m3

greater density.”
M “Same volume but greater mass means ……………..

less
D V “Same mass but greater volume means …………….. density.”
SDT Formula Triangle Find the equation for speed.

Mass
Density =
Velocity

M Find the equation for distance.

D×V Mass = Density × Velocity

Find the equation for time.

Mass
Velocity =
Density
 Graphite has a density of 2.3 g/cm3.
What is its density in kg/m3?

How many 1 cm3 cubes go into a 1 m3 cube? 100 × 100 × 100 = 1,000,000

1,000,000 × 2.3 g = 2,300,000 g = 2300 kg

1 cm3

2.3 g/cm3

100 cm 2300 kg/m3

100 cm
Not to scale. 100 cm
Titanium has a density of 4500 kg/m3 What is its density in g/cm3?
× 1000

4500 kg 4,500,000 g
Density = 4500 kg/m3 = = 4.5 g/cm3
1 m3 1,000,000 cm3

× 100 × 100 × 100

Aluminium has a density of 2.7 g/cm3 What is its density in kg/m3?

÷ 1000

2.7 g 0.0027 kg
Density = 2.7 g/cm =
3 = 2700 kg/m3
1 cm3 0.000001 m3

÷ 100 ÷ 100 ÷ 100

DEMO Density
Find the density of this material.

30.8 g of steel

1 cm

1 cm
4 cm

30.8 g
Density = = 7.7 g/cm3
4 cm3

Mass
Density =
Volume
DEMO Density
Find the density of this material.

A 7.02 g diamond

2 cm3

7.02 g
Density = = 3.51 g/cm3
2 cm3

Mass
Density =
Volume
DEMO Density YOUR TURN
Find the density of this material. Find the density of this material.

A 7.02 g diamond 11 g of plastic (EVA)

1 cm
2 cm3
1 cm
12 cm

7.02 g 11 g
Density = = 3.51 g/cm 3
Density = = 0.92 g/cm3
2 cm3 12 cm3
(2dp)

Mass
Density =
Volume
DEMO Density YOUR TURN
Find the density of this material. Find the density of this material.

A 7.02 g diamond 77 g of magnesium

3 cm
2 cm3

3 cm
5 cm

7.02 g 77 g
Density = = 3.51 g/cm 3
Density = = 1.71 g/cm3
2 cm3 45 cm3
(2dp)

Mass
Density =
Volume
DEMO Density YOUR TURN
Find the density of this material. Find the density of this material.

A 7.02 g diamond 220 g of cobalt

2 cm3 25 cm3

7.02 g 220 g
Density = = 3.51 g/cm 3
Density = = 8.8 g/cm3
2 cm3 25 cm3

Mass
Density =
Volume
DEMO Density YOUR TURN
Find the density of this material. Find the density of this material.

A 7.02 g diamond 3087 kg of sea water

2 cm3
3 m3

7.02 g 3087 kg
Density = = 3.51 g/cm 3
Density = = 1029 kg/m3
2 cm3 3 m3

Mass
Density =
Volume
Understanding unit cost – Best buy
What Is a Best Buy?
We consider a best buy to be the cheapest option per unit
of quantity.

We can also compare services such as mobile phone

tariffs or the best interest rates.

Being able to calculate a best buy can save you money and
help to make a budget go further.

An easy place to practise calculating best buys is in a

supermarket where you can compare different sizes of the
same product to see which size is the best buy.
Surprisingly, it isn’t always the larger size.
 Finding the Unit Price
To start any comparison, find the cost of one unit by dividing the
cost by the total quantity.

In a supermarket, a 200g jar of

jam costs £1.80 and a 500g jar Take Notes
of the same jam costs £4.30.
Find the cost of one unit
Calculate the best buy. by dividing.

180p ÷ 200 = 0.9g/p You may need to convert

430p ÷ 500 = 0.86g/p to a more suitable unit,
e.g. pounds to pence.
Per gram, the 500g jar is
Always ensure all units
slightly cheaper and therefore
are the same.
the best buy.
 Easier Comparisons
Sometimes, it is quicker and easier to just change one of the
quantities to find the best buy.

Example:
A 500ml bottle of orange juice costs 80p and a 1 litre bottle of
the same juice costs £1.70. Which is the best buy?

500ml is the same as 0.5 litres.

Here, we can simply multiply the 80p by 2 to find the 1 litre
equivalent price.

0.80 × 2 = £1.60 for 1 litre

compared to £1.70 for the 1 litre bottle.

In this case, the 500ml bottle is the best buy.

 Your Turn
For each of the quantities, find the price per unit and compare to
find the best buy.
1. Chocolate A: 300g for £4.50 450 ÷ 300 = 1.5
Chocolate B: 200g for £3.20 320 ÷ 200 = 1.6
A is the best buy

2. Juice A: 450ml for £7.70 770 ÷ 450 = 1.71 (2d.p.)

Juice B: 125ml for £2.00 200 ÷ 125 = 1.6
B is the best buy

3. Shampoo A: 1.2l for £6.20 620 ÷ 1200 = 0.52 (2d.p.)

Shampoo B: 5l for £25 2500 ÷ 5000 = 0.5
B is the best buy

4. Cereal A: 100g for 90p 90 ÷ 100 = 0.9

Cereal B: 500g for £4.55 455 ÷ 500 = 0.91
Cereal C: 1.5kg for £11.99 1199 ÷ 1500 = 0.80 (2d.p.)
C is the best buy
 Plenary

• Converting time to be able to calculate

• Understanding and Measure of Speed

• Understand and use density and other compound measure

• Unit cost
 LESSON COMPLETE!
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