Chapter 4 Occupational Hazard and Control

Chapter 4

4.9 Safety at Constructions

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 Chapter 4 Occupational Hazard and Control

i. Introduction to Industrial Hazards

ii. Mechanical Hazards (Press Machine and others
Machinery)
iii. Electrical Hazards
iv. Safe use lift and Escalators
v. Noise and Vibration Hazards
vi. Radiation, Pressurized Environment and Thermal
Stress Hazards
vii. Safety for Transport Activities and Gas Cylinder
Safety
viii. Fire Safety in Building (Fire Services Act, Building
Law)
ix. Safety at Constructions
x. Chemical Hazards and Chemical Safety
Management
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4.9 Safety at Construction

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 Construction Employer responsibility

• Responsible for health and safety – even not directly employ the people working
on the site
– Give enough time to planning organising and controlling the work
– Check what is actually happening, and stop dangerous practices
– Think about health as well as safety risks
• Protect workers and the public
– Keep your site clean and tidy, with clear space for people to work in
– Keep people, including the public, away from danger
– Fence the site off and use warning signs

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 Protect workers and the public
• Keep your site clean and tidy, with • Keep people, including the public,
clear space for people to work in away from danger

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 Structures and excavations
• Make sure walls and structures are kept in safe condition
• Plan demolition work properly, and write it down
• Make sure trenches and excavations can’t collapse and people can’t fall in
• Make sure walls and structures are kept in safe condition

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 Work at height
• AVOID work at height if you can
• PREVENT falls – use the proper gear, such as scaffolds or cherry pickers
• MINIMISE the chances of people being hurt if they fall – use nets or crash
bags
• Ladders can be used for ACCESS, but working from ladders allowed only as
last resort

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 Work at height
• Minimise the chances of people • working from ladders allowed only
being hurt if they fall – use nets as last resort
or crash bags

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 Manual handling
• Prevent unnecessary lifting and carrying
• Choose lighter materials, smaller bags of cement and aggregates
• Use trolleys, hoists or telehandlers
• Avoid repetitive laying of heavy building blocks and installing heavy lintels
by hand

• Prevent unnecessary lifting and carrying • Use trolleys, hoists or telehandlers

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 Electricity and power
• Use low voltage systems or battery-operated power tools, and make sure
these are inspected regularly
• Make sure connections to the system are properly made and suitable
plugs used
• Cables and leads in good condition and protected from damage
• Locate hidden cables and other services, and mark on plans

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 Electricity and power

• Cables and leads in good condition • Connections to the system are properly
and protected from damage made and suitable plugs used

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 Welfare facilities
Provide on-site or nearby:
• Clean and working toilets
• Washbasins with hot and cold running water, large enough to wash hands,
face and forearms
• Soap and towels
• Drinking water, and cups if needed
• Rest area to sit, make hot drinks and eat

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 Major hazards of construction

• Falls

• Electrocution
• Being struck by falling
objects
• Trapped during excavation

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 Fall Protection

• Falls are the leading cause of fatalities in the construction industry

• Conditions that required use of fall protection
• A fall from as little as 4-6 feet
 Can cause loss of work
 In some cases death
• When fall protection is needed?
 Walkways & ramps  Roofs
 Open sides & edges  Wall openings
 Holes  Bricklaying
 Concrete forms & rebar  Residential Construction
 Excavations

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 Fall protection and prevention options

• Safety Nets
• Hand Rails
• Safety Harness (PFAS)
• Equipment guards
• Fall protection systems
must be in place before
work start

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 Personal Fall Arrest System, PFAS
• Must be properly trained
• Key requirements
– No free fall more than 6 feet
– Must be inspected prior to use
– Safety line must be able to
support 5000 lbs

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 Guardrails

• Top rail between 39 to 45

inches tall
• Toe boards at least 3 inches
tall
– Top rail
– Mid Rail
– Toe board

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 Safety Nets

• Used to catch falling workers

• Placed not more than 30 FT
below work area
• Placed not more than 8-13 ft
from edge of working area

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 Falling Objects

• Hardhats are required

• Use of canopies is authorized
• Barricade the area to prevent
unauthorized entry

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 Regulations/ guidelines regarding safety in
construction

Factories and Machinery (Building Guidelines on Occupational

Guidelines on Occupational Safety
Operations and Works of Engineering
and Health in Construction Safety and Health in
Construction) (Safety) Regulations 1986
Industry 2017 Construction Industry
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(Excavation Work) 2017
 Regulations/ guidelines regarding safety in
construction

Guidelines For Approval of Guidelines for Public Safety and Guidelines for the Prevention

Design Scaffolding 2016 Health at Construction Sites, 2007 of Falls at Workplaces,

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 Thank you
December 1, 2021
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