FOLDED PLATE 

STRUCTURES

ARE ASSEMBLIES  OF FLAT PLATES, OR SLABS ,

INCLINED IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS AND
JOINED ALONG THEIR LONGITUDINAL EDGES.
IN THIS WAY THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM IS
CAPABLE OF CARRYING LOADS WITHOUT THE
NEED FOR ADDITIONAL
SUPPORTING BEAMSALONG MUTUAL EDGES.
THIS TECHNIQUE ORIGINATED IN GERMANY IN
THE 1920S AND BECAME POPULAR IN RUSSIA
AND THE UNITED STATES DURING THE 1930S
TO CONSTRUCT ROOFS FOR INDUSTRIAL
WAREHOUSES AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

CHAPEL•EL PASO, UNITED STATES

ARCHITECTS: WALTER NETSCH OF
SKIDMORE, OWINGS, & MERRILL
YEAR: 1962 HYPERBOLIC STURCTURES
DORTON ARENA

ARCHITECT WILLIAM HENLEY DIETRICK

A GEODESIC DOME HYPERBOLOID STRUCTURES ARE ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES

DESIGNED USING A HYPERBOLOID IN ONE SHEET. 

A GEODESIC DOME IS A HEMISPHERICAL

THIN-SHELL STRUCTURE (LATTICE-SHELL)
BASED ON A GEODESIC POLYHEDRON.
THE TRIANGULAR ELEMENTS OF
THE DOME ARE STRUCTURALLY RIGID
AND DISTRIBUTE THE STRUCTURAL
STRESS THROUGHOUT THE STRUCTURE,
MAKING GEODESIC DOMES ABLE TO
WITHSTAND VERY HEAVY LOADS FOR
THEIR SIZE.

MONTREAL BIOSPHÈRE TECHNICAL INFORMATION

ARCHITECTS : BUCKMINSTER FULLER ARCHITECT  FÉLIX CANDELA  AND THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ALBERTO OCEANOGRAPHIC PARK, VALENCIA, SPAIN
TYPOLOGY : CULTURAL ARCHITECTURE / MUSEUM DOMINGO AND  CARLOS LÁZARO
LOCATION : 160 CHEMIN TOUR-DE-L’ISLE,ÎLE SAINTE-HÉLÈNE, PARC JEAN-DRAPEAU,
MONTREAL, CANADA THIN SHELL CONCRETE CATENARY SHELL STRUCTURE, OCEANOGRAPHIC
COMPLETION : 1967 PARK, VALENCIA, SPAIN. ... “A CATENARY ARCH STRUCTURE COULD BE MADE
OUT OF PRECAST CONCRETE OR STEEL TUBING MUCH LIKE THE TUBES USED IN
ROLLER COASTERS OR SUSPENSION BRIDGES.
  TENSILE STRUCTURE S A CONSTRUCTION OF
ELEMENTS CARRYING ONLY TENSION AND NO
COMPRESSION OR BENDING. THE
TERM TENSILE SHOULD NOT BE CONFUSED
WITH TENSEGRITY, WHICH IS
A STRUCTURAL FORM WITH
BOTH TENSION AND COMPRESSION
ELEMENTS. TENSILE STRUCTURES ARE THE
MOST COMMON TYPE OF THIN-
SHELL STRUCTURES.

LOCATION : 700 N. ART MUSEUM DRIVE

MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, US MINNESOTA METRODOME
ARCHITECT : SANTIAGO CALATRAVA
PROJECT YEAR : 2001
TOTAL AREA : 13,196 SQUARE METERS

SPACE FRAME STRUCTURES

IN ARCHITECTURE AND
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING,
A SPACE
FRAME OR SPACE STRUCTURE
(3D TRUSS) IS A RIGID,
LIGHTWEIGHT, TRUSS-LIKE
STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTED
FROM INTERLOCKING STRUTS
IN A GEOMETRIC
PATTERN. SPACE FRAMES CAN
BE USED TO SPAN LARGE
AREAS WITH FEW INTERIOR
SUPPORTS.

FEDERATION SQUARE (MELBOURNE)

HALL OF NATION
STRUCTURAL GLAZING SYSTEMS, IN THEIR SIMPLEST FORM,
Year-1972 ARE TYPES OF CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMS CONSISTING OF GLASS
THE MAIN PAVILION OF THE HALL OF NATIONS HAS A CLEAR SPAN OF 78 METRES AND A HEIGHT THAT IS BONDED OR ANCHORED BACK TO
VARYING FROM THREE METRES TO 21 METRES, THEREBY PROVIDING A VAST CAPACITY FOR A STRUCTURE WITHOUT THE USE OF CONTINUOUSLY
ITEMS TO BE EXHIBITED, FROM BOOKS TO BULLDOZERS. GASKETED ALUMINUM PRESSURE PLATES OR CAPS

FRAMED STRUCTURES