Graph of Algebraic Functions

Graph of Algebraic Functions

• Construct the graph of the Eq. 2y-3x = 4
• There are a lot of solutions available  as you
will substitute the values of “x” will receive
“y”. For example, x = -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
• Solve the Eq for y
• 2y-3x = 4
• 2y = 3x+4
• Y = 3/2x + 2
 Graph of Algebraic Functions
• Graph the following table
X Y = (3/2)(x)+2
-3 -2.5
-2 -1
-1 0.5
0 2
1 3.5
2 5
3 6.5
 Graph of Algebraic Functions
• Y – intercept: where value of x = 0
• X – intercept: where value of y = 0
• We can find the intercepts in the Eq
• For y-intercept: (x=0)
• Y = 3/2(x) + 2
• Y = 3/2(0) + 2
• Y=2
 Graph of Algebraic Functions
• For X-intercept: (y=0)
3
Y  x2
2
3
0 x2
2
3
x  2
2
2
x
3
2
x  1.333
Graph of Algebraic Functions

4
X-intercept 3
2 Y-intercept
1

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
 Slope of Straight Line
Y
B

D P
OE = GF
OE = X
OD = Y
Y G F
OG = C
C

X
O E

X
A
 Slope of Straight Line

Rise PF DG
Slope  m   
Run GF OE
OD  OG
m
OE
yc
m
x
m.x  y  c
y  mx  c
Graphical Solution of Simultaneous Eqs.
x  2 y  4 .....( 1)
• A set of 3 x  2 y  4 .....( 2 )
simultaneous Multiply (1) with 3 and (2) with 1
Eqs. deals with 3  (x - 2y  4)
two linear Eqs. 1  (3x  2y  4)
3x - 6y  12.....(3)
3x  2y  4.....(4)
 8y  8
y  1
x  2y  4
x  2 (  1)  4
x2
Graphical Solution of Simultaneous Eqs.
Y

y =4
4 X-2
3
2
1
X
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-1
-2

3X
-3

+
-4

2y
=4
-5
 Graphical Solution of Simultaneous Eqs.

• Given the market model

Qd  Qs
Q d  24  2 P
s
Q  5  7 P

• Find the equilibrium price and quantity. Show

them graphically
Graphical Solution of Simultaneous Eqs.
Qd  Qs
24  2 P  5  7 P
24  5  7 P  2 P Q d  24  2(3.22)
d
7 P  2 P  29 Q  17.5
 7  2 P  29 s
Q  5  7(3.22)
9 P  29
Q s  17.5
* 29
P   3. 2 Q*  17.5
9
 Graphical Solution of Simultaneous Eqs.

• Find x and y intercepts in each Eqs

d Y  Q s and , X  P
Y  Q and , X  P
d Q s  5  7 P
Q  24  2 P
d for _ Q s _ int ercept ( P  0)
for _ Q _ int ercept ( P  0)
Q s  5  7 ( 0 )
Q d  24  2(0)
Q s  5
Q d  24
for _ P _ int ercept (Q s  0)
for _ P _ int ercept (Q d  0)
0  5  7 P
0  24  2 P
7P  5
2 P  24
5
P  12 P  0.71
7
 Graphical Solution of Simultaneous Eqs.

• Qd intercept = 24
• Qs intercept = -5
• P intercept in D = 12
• P intercept in S = 0.71
• P* = 3.22
• Q* = 17.56
Graphical Solution of Simultaneous Eqs.

Q P
+ 7
=- 5
24 Qd
= Qs
24
-2P

17.5

P
0.71 3.22 12
-5
 Graphs of Eqs of Second and Higher Degree
Eqs
• Graphs represented second or higher degree
Eqs are not linear they are represented by
smooth curve
2
• Example: draw the graph of y  x  2 x for
values of x between -1 to +3.
Points X y  x2  2 x
A -1 (1) 2  2( 1)  3
B 0 0

C 1 -1

D 2 0

E 3 3
 Graphs of Eqs of Second and Higher
Degree Eqs

• This curve is called “PARABOLA”

 Graphs of Eqs of Second and Higher Degree
Eqs
2
• Example: draw the graph of y  2 x x4
for values of x between -2 to +2.
Points X y  2 x 2  x  4
A -2  2(2) 2  (2)  4  2
B -1 3
C 0 4
D 1 1
E 2 -6
 Graphs of Eq.s of Second and Higher
Degree Eq.s

• This curve is called “INVERTED PARABOLA”

 Graphs of Eqs of Second and Higher Degree
Eqs
2
• Graph of the equation y  ax  bx  c will
always be parabola. If a, b and c are any
number (except a=0)
• If “a” is positive then  it will be a PARABOLA
• If “a” is negative then  it will be a INVERTED
PARABOLA
 Graphs of Eqs of Second and Higher Degree
Eqs
3 2
• Draw the graph of Eq. y  x  4 x  5x  6
Between the interval x = -1 to x = 4
Points X Y
A -1 ?
B 0 ?
C 1 ?
D 2 ?
E 3 ?
F 4 ?
Graphs of Eqs of Second and Higher
Degree Eqs
 Application of Graph in Determining
Breakeven Point
• Breakeven: where sales/revenues are just
equal to total cost (TR = TC)
• OR
• A position of no profit and no loss
 Application of Graph in Determining
Breakeven Point
• Equations of TR and TC are as
y1  m1 x.........................(TR)
y 2  m2 x  c.................(TC )
– Y1 = sales
– Y2 = total cost
– x = number of units produced and sold
– m1 = sales price per unit
– m2 = variable cost per unit
– c = fixed cost
 Application of Graph in Determining
Breakeven Point
• Example: for a producer of toys
• He/she can sell as many items @ Rs. 2 (m1 =
2)
• Variable cost = Rs. 1 per unit (m2 = 1)
• Fixed cost = 500 per day (c = 500)
• What number of units must he/she produce
and sell (at least) such that he/she may
neither gain nor loss
 Application of Graph in Determining
Breakeven Point
y1  2 x.........................(TR)
y2  1x  500.................(TC )
Points X TR=Y1=2X TC=Y2=X+500
A 0 0 500
B 100 200 600
C 200 400 700
D 300 600 800
E 400 800 900
F 500 1000 1000
G 600 1200 1100
 Sales should be more
than Rs. 1000 or more
than 500 units such that
producer may always
earn some amount of
profit
Y/TR/TC

= 2X
Y1 ro fit
P

P
1000 2= X +500
Y

500
os s
L

X/No. of units
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
produced or
sold