CYBER BULLYING:

Polarizing effects of internet culture in Vietnam

-Presented by 4G-
 Group members

Nguyen Tra Chu Minh Dung Nguyen Thi Nhu Quynh Dinh Thi Bang Linh
Mi s3877387 s3880896 s3884201
s3903714
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Definition 2.Discourse Analysis

Media Channels
What is Cyberbullying?
Theoretical Approach
Surrounding Nuances
Artifacts Analysis
Effects

3. Conclusion 4. Multimedia Products

Recommendation Website

Conclusion Infographic

Poster
01. Definition
 Cyberbullying
Cyber harassment is a form of bullying with the use of digital technologies. This
issue involves the use of information and communication technology to enable
deliberate, repetitive and aggressive behaviour by an individual or group with
the intent to hurt others (Bauman, Cross & Walker 2013).
 The nuances surrounding the issue
Social (Classism): People tend to contempt or jealous, curious others due
to classism. As a result, they might have deviant behavior to the
victim via online

Education: Adults are primarily responsible for their children's

electronic communication. Without parent's supervision, children
would be affected negatively and could become the victim or the
bullies online
Source: Susan 2008
Classism n.d
 The consequences

Mentally
Angry, nervous, frustrated
Upset and embarassed

Emotionally
Feeling ashamed or losing interest

Physically
Tired, experience symptoms

Source: (Unicef n.d)

(Cherian & Elizabeth 2019)
 What happens if the issue is not addressed?

Source: (Americanspcc n.d)

(Schefer, L.S 2011)
02. Discourse Analysis
 Media channels
Theoretical approach
Facebook & YouTube - two most
use media platform

Kenh14 & VNExpress- two Framing theory

most use E-newspapers

Discourses

Artefacts
Headline analysis
News articles &
Comments from social
media
Media channels
Figure 1: Youtube and Facebook are the two most used social media
channels among Vietnamese citizens Source: Simon 2021
Figure 2: Kenh14.vn and Vnexpress.net are in top 10 most used website in VN
Source: Similarweb 2021
When looking at the discourse involving
cyberbullying in VN, it is evident that the word
THESIS
usage in the article to attract viewers cause
polarizing effects in terms of cyberbullying
STATEMENT
Headlines
analysis
 The importance of headlines

Attract the audience's

Reflect the content
attention

Source: Tiono 2003

From a linguistic point of view, one of the most critical and
fascinating elements of media's power is how individual and
events are getting portrayed (Thomas & Linda 1999)
 Similarities

Figure 3: Why can just one word on the internet become “a knife” that
harms the life of others?
reproduced from: Ngoc Anh, 2019

Using strong words to gain public

attention and illustrate clearly the
dimension of the articles
Figure 4: Cyberbullying by exposing someone's fault
reproduced from: Vnexpress, 2021

Figure 5: Covid-19 patients overcome the 'storm' of gossips

reproduced from: Vnexpress, 2021
 Differences

Figure 6: Regarding to the 17th case of the girl infected with Covid-19: Figure 7: The treatment of Covid-19 revealed the private life of patient 17:
Please act more civilized Selfishness overwhelms gratitude
reproduced from: Thuong Thuc, 2020 reproduced from: Thuong Thuc, 2020

Figure 8: Add a joke or a body shaming remark: Don't normalize women's Figure 9: Camila Cabello stuns with an unrecognizable body, the spotlight is
mistreatment! on the big waist, raising the suspicion of pregnancy
reproduced from: Ha Van - Thu Van, 2021 reproduced from: Kenh 14, 2021

In spite of the same target of gaining public attention, the usage

of the words devides into two dimensions
Positive Approach and Negative Approach
Positive
approach Figure 11: The sad story of Ryan Halligan - a victim of cyberbullying that shocked the
US in the 20th century: When hurtful words caused unimaginably terrible
consequences
Reproduced from: Kenh14 2019

The media concentrates Figure 12: Academy of Journalism and Communication students make an impression
when condemning the issue of "cyber violence"
attention on individual Reproduced from: Dantri 2019

occurrences and then places

them within a realm of
relevance, according to
Figure 10: Disparaging female artists' looks: Don't make fun of others
framing theory (Semetko & Reproduced from: danviet 2021

Valkenburg 2000).
 Negative approach

Figure 13: Financial hot girl association went online and Figure 15: Cung Loi dressed sloppily like an aunt
posted “Out of the world” pictures, how about their real reproduced from: Hong Linh 2020
appearances?
reproduced from: Kenh14 2021

Figure 14: Sulli- Kpop beauties fall because of love and Figure 16: The transformation process of Minh Hang's chin: From
aberrance life protruding then slim to long
reproduced from: Minh Hao 2019 reproduced from: Kenh14 2018

Using absorb language and a negative tone of voice to insult a person, particularly female:
Mocking their fashion choices, body shaming, and more without understand their personal
life. With the language-using in the headline, this would cause misunderstanding about that
individual
Add a joke or a body-shaming remark: Don't
normalize women's mistreatment!
reproduced from: Ha Van - Thu Van, 2021
Logos Pathos
The pretty girl revealed a photo with a strange look, netizens guessed
"It's probably due to the lack of a photo editing app"
reproduced from: Kenh14 2020
 Theoretical Approaches

Framing
We scrutinize how the
Theory media frames
"Cyberbullying" as to how
the audiences perceive
Logos two opposite attitudes
that articles writers want
to aim for through the use
Aristotle's Pathos
of language/ words.
Rhetoric Model
Ethos
FRAMING THEORY
Framing is present not only in the journalist's
thoughts when he writes the news report, but also in
the news report that he constructs, reaching the
reader through a decoding process that is required to
comprehend the news report and the reality to which
it refers (Ardèvol-Abreu 2015).
 Why FRAMING THEORY?
Optimistic
attitude Figure 17: Dedicating all resources, drastically fighting against the
Covid-19 pandemic
Reproduced from: B.S, 2021

Having a enthusiastic, emotional tone of

voice is using in the article to expressing
I am very touched when knowing many good deeds in disease prevention which show
responsibility to society and the community. Many people were willing to "share rice the appreciation towards every good
and clothes", sharing their meager masks with others, some children used their money
to buy masks and hand sanitizer for others. There are old men and women over 90 actions with the term "nhường cơm sẻ
years old and over 100 years old who have spent their savings to support many tons
of rice. A poor farmer who sold his whole land - the family's biggest asset to áo"(give rice and share clothes) during
contribute to the fight against the epidemic. Many individuals, businesses, ministries,
sectors, and scientists have volunteered to contribute financial resources, time, the pandemic in order to feel motivate
energy, experience, and practical initiatives to epidemic prevention and control. Our
compatriots abroad, governments, and our friends in five continents have also "give and give a hand to help others.
up rice and clothes", donating money, medical supplies, and vaccines to Vietnam. The
Government and Vietnamese people are extremely grateful and appreciate those
valuable contributions of the benefactors.
 Why FRAMING THEORY?
Dismissive attitude
Figure 18: Actress Trieu Vy is a victim of body shaming
Reproduced from: Chi Bao, 2017

In fact, Trieu Vy began to show obivious sign of The article is about the old appearance of actress
aging in real life, especially in her face’s skin and
Trieu Vy with a scrutiny tone of voice to
chin area. As you all know, the older you get, the
more fat your face accumulates and tends to pull criticized Trieu Vy's appearance and made her
the skin down. lose her reputation in public. It also draws fame
On the stage, Trieu Vy appears with a swollen face
and attracts the attention of Trieu Vy's fans and
and aging skin. Obviously, thanks to photoshop
technology, the actress has become more beautiful anti-fans.
and attractive without having plastic surgery
 LOGOS, ETHOS, PATHOS
ARISTOTELIAN MODELS

Rhetoric is compatible with discourse, although it is not

always a "subset" of discourse analysis

How language and Uncover some of

other symbolic the causes behind
forms impact on discourse
how people think, underlying social
feel and act. consequences.

Source: Green 2004; Cyphert 2010

Comments from social media
Facebook & YouTube
Positive approach
 "Forever grateful for the merits of martyrs for the
independence and freedom of the country."
Figure 20: Comment from Facebook, Dang Tuan, 2021

"Thank you to the people who have

sacrificed"
Figure 21: Comment from Facebook, Vinh Muoi Chin Centimet, 2021

"God bless! I will forever be grateful to the heroes and

martyrs"
Figure 22: Comment from YouTube, Van Doan, 2021

"VN ❤ Very grateful to those who have

sacrificed for the peace of Vietnamese people"
Figure 23: Comment from YouTube, Nguoi VN phai vi VN, 2021
Media users tend to show sympathy and gratitudes toward
people with meritorious services to the country
 "Hopefully Vietnam can soon pass through the pandemic"

Figure 24: Comment from Facebook, Xuan Hieu, 2021

"Hopefully Vietnam can soon pass through the pandemic"

Figure 25: Comment from Facebook, Hieu Phan, 2021

"Wishing for Vietnam to end the pandemic

soon"

Figure 26: Comment on Facebook, Le Hong Minh, 2021

"Keep it up everyone"

Figure 27: Comment on Facebook, Nguyen Hoa, 2021

Encourage and motivate others to "fight against" the
Covid-19 pandemic.
Negative approach
 "Not only does she not learn from her experience, but she
also responds when criticized"

Figure 28: Comment from YouTube, quynhlan do, 2021

"Nothing good, she just stuck out her tongue"

Figure 29: Comment from YouTube, Haiha Dt, 2021

"It's all Bach Hoa Xanh's fault"

Figure 30: Comment from YouTube, Tri Do, 2021

"Create unnecessary things"

Figure 31: Comment from YouTube, Hoang Vo Nhat, 2021

Media user are prone to dismissing and blaming victims'
contribution
 "Her name is Crystal but her personality is like alum mixed
with vinegar"
Figure 32: Comment on Facebook, n.n., 2021

"You write like ****"

Figure 33: Comment on Facebook, Vu Ba Nhan, 2021

"Why is he kicking like **** but getting on the pitch? If he can't

play, he must have the dignity to tell the coach to change
someone else. He came on the pitch as if to fill the squad."
Figure 34: Comment on Facebook, n.n., 2021

"He entered the field but couldn't kick anything, so he was fined, let
Cong Phuong enter better"
Figure 35: Comment on Facebook, Luot Song Ma Toi,
2021
Media users are inclined to attack and threatening
victims
03. Conclusions
 Conclusions
• The media have both positive and negative effects depending on how the
author transmits information to audiences.

• In order to attract audiences, the media mostly used sensational words,

exaggerated, and biased style rather than neutral intonation.

• Framing theory has well-proved that both optimistic and dismissive attitudes
through comments on social media.

• The media writer should change the way they use languages or tone of voices
in an article if they don't have accurate informations of the story behind
scenarios to avoid manipulated the audience.
04.Multimedia products
Poster Infographic

(View full size here:

https://stopcyberbullyingn3.
wixsite.com/my-site-
1/infographic)
Website

https://stopcyberbullyingn3.wixsite.com/my-site-1
 References
A. Mitchell, D 2019, The Real Causes of Cyberbullying and How to Prevent It, SOS Safety Magazine, viewed 17 July 2021,
<https://sossafetymagazine.com/bullying/the-real-causes-of-cyberbullying/>.
Americanspcc n.d, Effects of Cyberbullying, Americanspcc, viewed August 1st 2021, <https://americanspcc.org/impact-of-cyberbullying/>.

Anh Duong 2020, Bắt nạt trực tuyến: Vấn nạn của thời công nghệ số, ictvietnam.vn, viewed 19 July 2021, <https://ictvietnam.vn/bat-nat-truc-tuyen-van-nan-cua-thoi-
cong-nghe-so-20201206162158562.htm>.

Ardèvol-Abreu, A 2015, ‘Framing theory in communication research. Origins, development and current situation in Spain’, Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, vol.
70, no. 1138-5820, pp. 423–450, viewed 20 July 2021, <http://www.revistalatinacs.org/070/paper/1053/RLCS-paper1053en.pdf>.

Ba Hang Xom 2021, Hội ‘hot girl tài chính’ lên mạng toàn đăng ảnh ảo tung chảo, sắc vóc thật bên ngoài trông như nào?, kenh14.vn, viewed 25 July 2021,
<https://kenh14.vn/hoi-hot-girl-tai-chinh-len-mang-toan-dang-anh-ao-tung-chao-sac-voc-that-ben-ngoai-trong-nhu-nao-20210715012526105.chn>.

Barlett, CP, DeWitt, CC, Maronna, B & Johnson, K 2018, ‘Social Media Use as a Tool to Facilitate or Reduce Cyberbullying Perpetration: A Review Focusing on
Anonymous and Nonanonymous Social Media Platforms’, Violence and Gender, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 147–152.

Bauman, S, Cross, D & Walker, JL 2013, Principles of Cyberbullying Research: Definitions, Measures, and Methodology, Google Books, Routledge.
cand.com.vn 2021, Dồn mọi nguồn lực, quyết liệt phòng chống đại dịch COVID-19, Báo Công an Nhân dân điện tử, viewed 1 August 2021, <https://cand.com.vn/Su-
kien-Binh-luan-thoi-su/Phat-bieu-cua-Chu-tich-nuoc-tai-Le-phat-dong-dot-cao-diem-van-dong-nhan-dan-ca-nuoc-ung-ho-cong-tac-phong-chong-dich-benh-COVID-
19-i607087/?fbclid=IwAR07bWUSDD2M1WTrFJ1iJfWNOMuGmspVERgJB21OnwcotQa8UaPevU4ZqkU>.
Chi Bao 2017, Sốc với nhan sắc già nua, lão hóa của Triệu Vy trước khi can thiệp photoshop, eva.vn, viewed 1 August 2021, < https://eva.vn/lam-dep/soc-voi-nhan-sac-gia-nua-lao-hoa-cua-trieu-vy-
truoc-khi-can-thiep-photoshop-c58a323602.html?fbclid=IwAR3TxCza72Az2OzGDafOnvI6KfHviK_I1KmFQxCFYBsUXWTUlE68Lz3cnEM>.

Classism n.d, What is classism, classism, viewed August 1st 2021, https://classism.org/about-class/what-is-classism/

Cyberbullying – Kẻ đánh cắp tâm hồn – Dkap VietNam 2020, DKAP Vietnam, viewed 25 July 2021, <http://dkapvietnam.org/cyberbullying-ke-danh-cap-tam-hon/>.
dtrangvo 2015, Cyberbullying in Vietnam: Should we blame for Facebook?, Diem-Trang Vo, viewed 18 July 2021,
<https://dtrangvo.wordpress.com/2015/12/06/cyberbullying-in-vietnam-should-we-blame-for-facebook/>.

Elizebth Cherian, V 2019, Shibboleth Authentication Request, login.ezproxy.lib.rmit.edu.au, viewed 20 July 2021, <https://www-proquest-
com.ezproxy.lib.rmit.edu.au/docview/2271754419?OpenUrlRefId=info%3Axri%2Fsid%3Aprimo&fbclid=IwAR223KwJ7ALtY4I14E2Myo_kBGE13iNg55W8-
_eR3VbNEvPxg7suPeQP3Sc>.

Emma 2018, Where Does Cyberbullying Happen? | LearnSafe, LearnSafe, viewed 15 July 2021, <https://learnsafe.com/where-does-cyberbullying-happen/>.
Higgins, C & Walker, R 2012, ‘Ethos, logos, pathos: Strategies of persuasion in social/environmental reports’, Accounting Forum, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 194–208.

Hong Linh 2020, Củng Lợi ăn mặc luộm thuộm như bà thím, Tin tức 24h, viewed 23 July 2021, <https://www.24h.com.vn/nguoi-mau-hoa-hau/nguoi-phu-nu-dep-
nhat-phuong-dong-gay-that-vong-vi-an-mac-luom-thuom-nhu-ba-thim-c214a1198559.html>.

JO 2020, Gái xinh ‘bắp cần bơ’ lộ ảnh với nhan sắc khác lạ, dân mạng đoán ‘chắc là do thiếu app chỉnh ảnh đây mà’, kenh14.vn, viewed 1 August 2021,
<https://kenh14.vn/gai-xinh-bap-can-bo-lo-anh-voi-nhan-sac-khac-la-dan-mang-doan-chac-la-do-thieu-app-chinh-anh-day-ma-20200326072042455.chn>.

Le C. 2020, Bệnh nhân Covid-19 vượt qua ‘bão’ thị phi, vnexpress.net, viewed 23 July 2021, <https://vnexpress.net/benh-nhan-covid-19-vuot-qua-bao-thi-phi-
4170277.html>.
Lynch, W 2012, Reasons for Cyberbullying, It Still Works, viewed 17 July 2021, <https://itstillworks.com/reasons-cyberbullying-2196.html>.

Minh Hao 2019, Sulli - mỹ nhân Kpop rớt đài vì yêu đương, sống thác loạn, ZingNews.vn, viewed 25 July 2021, <https://zingnews.vn/sulli-my-nhan-kpop-rot-dai-vi-yeu-duong-song-thac-loan-post906038.html>.

Ngoc Khanh 2019, Vì sao chỉ một lời nói qua mạng cũng có thể trở thành ‘con dao’ làm hại đến tính mạng người khác?, kenh14.vn, viewed 23 July 2021,
<https://kenh14.vn/vi-sao-chi-mot-loi-noi-qua-mang-cung-co-the-tro-thanh-con-dao-lam-hai-den-tinh-mang-nguoi-khac-20191030183610191.chn>.

Nilan, P, Burgess, H, Hobbs, M, Threadgold, S & Alexander, W 2015, ‘Youth, Social Media, and Cyberbullying Among Australian Youth: “Sick Friends”’, Social Media + Society, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 205630511560484.

Schefer, LS 2011, Cyberbullying, Greenhaven Press, Detroit.

Similarweb 2021, Kenh14, Similarweb, viewed August 1st 2021, < https://www.similarweb.com/website/kenh14.vn/#overview>.

Similarweb 2021, Vnexpress, Similarweb, viewed August 1st 2021, < https://www.similarweb.com/website/vnexpress.net/#overview>.

Simon, K 2021, Digital 2021 : Vietnam, Datareportal, viewed August 1st 2021, < https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-vietnam.

Semetko, HA & Valkenburg, PMV 2000, ‘Framing European politics: A Content Analysis of Press and Television News’, Journal of Communication, vol. 50, no.
2, pp. 93–109.

Susan, S 2008, ‘RURD? The Nuances of Cyber Bullying’, PsycCRITIQUES, vol. 53, no. 39.

Thomas & Linda 1999, Language, society and power, Routledge, London.

Tiono, NI 2003, ‘An Analysis on Syntactic and Semantic Factors Found in Newspaper Headlines’, Kata (Surabaya), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 49.
UNICEF 2019, 21% of young people in Vietnam have been a victim of online bullying, Vietnam+, viewed 17 July 2021, <https://en.vietnamplus.vn/21-of-
young-people-in-vietnam-have-been-a-victim-of-online-bullying/165688.vnp>.

UNICEF 2020, Cyberbullying: What is it and how to stop it, www.unicef.org, UNICEF, viewed 17 July 2021, <https://www.unicef.org/end-violence/how-to-stop-
cyberbullying>.

Viet Toan 2019, Most young people in Vietnam unaware of helpline for cyberbullying: poll, Tuoi Tre News, viewed 17 July 2021,
<https://tuoitrenews.vn/news/society/20190904/most-young-people-in-vietnam-unaware-of-helpline-for-cyberbullying-poll/51177.html>.

VnExpress 2019, Vietnam youths struggle with cyberbullying, no help forthcoming - VnExpress International, VnExpress International – Latest news,
business, travel and analysis from Vietnam, viewed 15 July 2021, <https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/vietnam-youths-struggle-with-cyberbullying-no-help-
forthcoming-3978866.html>.

B.S 2021, Bắt nạt trên mạng xã hội bằng nhóm ‘bóc phốt’, vnexpress.net, viewed 23 July 2021, <https://vnexpress.net/bat-nat-tren-mang-xa-hoi-bang-nhom-
boc-phot-4254654.html>.

Vu Hue 2019, Chuyện buồn về Ryan Halligan - nạn nhân bị cyberbully gây chấn động Hoa Kỳ thế kỷ 20: Khi những lời sát thương gây ra hậu quả kinh khủng
ngoài tưởng tượng, kenh14.vn, viewed 23 July 2021, <https://kenh14.vn/chuyen-buon-ve-ryan-halligan-nan-nhan-bi-cyberbully-gay-chan-dong-hoa-ky-the-
ky-20-khi-nhung-loi-sat-thuong-gay-ra-hau-qua-kinh-khung-ngoai-tuong-tuong-20191106224302004.chn>.