CHAPTER 4 (PART 1)

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESMENT AND

DETERMINING CONTROL (HIRARC)

Lecturer: Madam Nur Jannah Binti Marni

Semester 2, 2021/2022
Extension No: 3425
Email : nurjannah@umcced.edu.my
 Learning Outcomes

 At the end of this chapter, students should be

able to:
1. Understand hazards, risk and danger
2. Understand Categories of hazard at the workplace
3. Understand the various method of hazard
identification, risk assessment and determining
control
4. Understand the many control measures for hazards
and risks
 HAZARD
IDENTIFICAT
ION

HIRAR
C
RISK RISK
CONTRO ASSESSME
L NT

Important method used to ensure all the work procedures and the safety
precautions are taken into consideration before any task is performed.

It is important as it is one of the general duties of an employer (To provide

a safe workplace to employees and other related persons)
 Definition

Hazard
Risk Danger
s
 Definition
HAZARD
S • an source or situation at work
How hazardous is with a potential for harm to
this product? human/environment/property.
-Not at all • means activity, arrangement,
hazardous,
-Slightly hazardous
circumstances, event,
-Hazardous
occurrence, phenomenon,
-Very hazardous
process, situation or
-Extremely
substance
hazardous.
 Hazards

Hazard Example
Physical hazards Wet floors 
Objects protruding in walkways or doorways

Ergonomic Lifting heavy objects

hazards Twisting the body
Poor desk seating
Environmental Room temperature
hazards Ventilation Contaminated air
 Definition
RISK
How risky is • Chances,probabilities or
this product? likelihood of a person
-Not at all risky being harmed.
-Slightly risky • May also apply to
-Risky situations with property/
-Very risky equipment loss/ damages
-Extremely in environment.
risky
 Risk
Risk Example
Use of office Manual handling injuries from repetitive tasks
equipment such Manual handling injuries from lifting/loading
as staplers, hole paper
punch Cuts from sharp objects (e.g. staples)

Use of kitchen Burns from boiling water

facilities Cuts from kitchen cutlery
Electrocution/electric shock from electrical
appliances
Burns from Kitchen fire
 Definition
Danger
How dangerous is • Workplace hazard that puts
this product? workers or visitors at immediate
-Not at all risk of serious physical injuries or
-Dangerous even death.
• A person is exposed to
-Slightly
dangerous the hazards are in greater
danger than someone who is not
-Dangerous
exposed to the hazard.
-Very dangerous • A sign of a risk level.
-Extremely
dangerous
 Danger

Danger Example

Safety hazard Exposed 11-foot manhole with no cover that

could cause a serious or fatal accident.

Health hazard Toxic substances, fumes, dust or gases which

can cause death or irreversible physical harm,
reduce capabilities or mental performance.
What are the recent issues that you can relate with the topic?
Clue : KIM KIM
https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=sIFK2sKIoio
 Danger

Example
Danger
• The health problems that can be caused by • Allergies
working with dangerous substances range from • Skin diseases
mild eye and skin irritation to severe effects, • Cancers
such as birth defects and cancer. • Reproductive
• Effects can be acute or long term, and some problems and birth
substances can have a cumulative effect. defects
• Respiratory
diseases
• Poisoning
Categories of Hazards
Inherent
properties

Material
depreciation,
Ergonomic
failures and
changes

Human errors
Environmental
@psycho-
factors
social
1. Inherent properties:
Properties of product or equipment that
may cause direct or contribute to injury,
damage or loss.
Physical hazards
Chemical hazards
Biological hazards
Electrical hazards
Mechanical hazards
1. Physical hazards : Factors within the environment that can
harm the body without necessarily touching it.

Electrical Machinery Working Tripping Spills

hazards – related from and falling Water or
Frayed hazards heights hazards oil on
cords Forklift Ladders, Cords floors
scaffolds running

C T S ? across the
floor

EF FE
2. Chemical hazards : Exposure to any chemical preparation in
the workplace in any form (solid, liquid, or gas)

Liquids Vapours & Gases Flammable Pesticides

Fumes materials
Cleaning Carbon
products, Welding or monoxide, Gasoline, Chlorpyrifos
paints, acid, exposure to propane, solvents,
solvents solvents helium explosive
chemicals
 C T S ?
EF FE
3. Biological hazards : most commonly associated with working
animals, people, of infectious plant materials
https://www.totaljobs.com/insidejob/workplace-hygiene-6-office-germ-hotspots/

Fungi or mould Bacteria and Insect or animal Animal and bird

viruses bites droppings

C T S ?
EF FE
4. Electrical hazards : a dangerous condition where a worker could make
electrical contact with energized equipment or a conductor

Flash burn Thermal burn Blast injury

Any burn injury Type of burn resulting Complex type of 

caused by intense from making contact physical trauma
flashes of light, high with heated objects,  resulting from direct
voltage electric such as boiling water, or indirect exposure
current, or strong steam, hot cooking to an explosion.
thermal radiation oil, fire, and hot
objects.
5. Mechanical hazards : any hazard involving a machine or process.

C T S ?
EF FE
Cut Laceration Bruises

Crush
Bone Hematomas
2. Material depreciation, failures and changes :
Machine has stopped functioning the way in which it was intended or
designed.
3. Human errors @psycho-social:

- Violations of safety rules or blatantly

engaging in risky behavior.
- Inattention, fatigue, and impairment
from drugs or alcohol.
4. Environmental factors
Hazard created by factors within the
environment that can cause harm to the
body with or without actually contact.

Constant loud Temperature High exposure to

noise (Stamping extreme (Can be sunlight/ultraviolet
machine) hot and cold) rays

S?
C T
FE Radiation (X-rays,
Gamma rays)
Vibration from
machines

EF
4. Ergonomic
Occurs when strain is developed on the
workers’s body due to the type of work, body
positions and working conditions.
Repeating the same movements over and
over
Frequent lifting
Improper workstations and chairs
Poor/wrong posture during lifting
Awkward movements, especially if they
are repetitive
 Method of Hazard Identification

Signage
Observation and comparison
Workplace Inspection
Hazard reports
Incident/accident reports
Product information
Technical report
 Method of Hazard Identification
Signage
• observe hazard at the workplace.

Observation and comparison

• through legislation, code of practice, standards, Accident Reports.

Workplace Inspection
• proactive method
• scheduled inspections
• prepared checklist which assists staff to perform a thorough analysis of the
workplace.

Hazard reports
• Staff report hazards as they find them in the workplace.
• given training in hazard identification skills
 Method of Hazard Identification
Incident/accident reports
• Statistics of accidents or situation

Product information
• Materials, plant and equipment should be supplied with informative
label, material safety data sheets, and plant and equipment manuals.
• provides users with data on the hazards

Technical report
• Trade, association and technical magazines provide current knowledge
on hazards.
• Local authorities also produce hazard reports for widespread
distribution
CAN YOU SPOT THE HAZARDS?
Thank you!