EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE

CONFINED MASNORY
CONSTRUCTION

ADITYA Institute of Technology And Management(AITAM)

Under the guidance of
Mr. B.V.REDDY, Asst Professor
BATCH MEMBERS
1. Kamojula Gunakar Rao(19A55A0110)
2. Badana Bharathi(18A51A0105)
3. Lanka Abhiram(19A55A0113)
4. Gunda Saivamsi(18A51A0119)
5. Manem Harsavardhan(19A55A0107)
 CONTENTS

• Abstract
• Literature review
• Introduction
• Objective
• Study area
• Methodology
• Results and discussions
• Conclusion
ABSTRACT
• An introductory publication about confined masonry construction, including
planning and preliminary seismic designThe combined population of
countries in which CM construction has been practiced is over 3.5 billion,
which represents nearly half of the world's population and spans five
continents (USCB 2018). Examples of global CM applications have been
presented by Brzev and Mitra (2018). It is important to note that CM
construction is widely used in countries and regions of extremely high seismic
and hurricane hazards.There is an ongoing initiative to introduce CM
construction practice in Nepal after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. In India, CM
construction has been introduced as an alternative for reinforced concrete
frames with masonry infills which did not perform well in the past Indian
earthquakes e.g., the 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Jain et al. 2015;Brzev and Mitra
2018). Japanese and Peruvian researchers tested typical Indonesian CM
building models on shaking table to develop recommendations for improved
construction practice.
 OBJECTIVE
It enhances the strength (resistance) of masonry walls under
lateral earthquake loads. It reduces the brittleness of masonry walls
under earthquake loads and hence improving their earthquake
performance.
 WHAT IS CONFINED MASONRY?
o Basically it is a masonry confined within vertical and horizontal confining
elements.
o Vertical confining elements tie columns/practical columns.
o Horizontal confining elements tie columns.
o Used both in urban and areas.
PARTS OF CONFINED MASONRY?

• Masonry walls
• Confining elements
• Slabs
• Plinth band
• Foundation
 Confined Masonry is a construction system where the walls are
built first, and the columns and beams are poured in afterwards
to enclose (confine) the wall. The walls are tied down to the
foundation.

An opportunity improved seismic an opportunity for improved seismic

performance both for unreinforced masonry and reinforced concrete frame
construction in low and medium rise buildings.
 Why it is needed?
o Current seismic design = strength-based approach.
o Performance of RCC and confined masonry in past earthquakes.
o No extra skill or cost of construction
o The goal is to achieve enhanced seismic performance using
technologies which require similar (preferably lower) level of
construction skills and are economically viable.
DIFFERENCES FROM RCC CONSTRUCTION
COMPARISON
CONFINED MASONRY REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME

• It’s the walls that do that work. • It’s the columns and beams that do
that work.

That’s why they are called load Walls are only infills.
bearing walls.
How it resists earthquake load effects
 Masonry walls act as diagonal struts subjected to compression.
 Reinforced concrete confining members act in tension and/or
compression, depending on the direction of lateral earthquake forces.
Under severe earthquake ground shaking, the collapse of confined masonry
buildings may take place due to soft storey effect .

This soft storey effect can be reduced using lintel ties at ground floor for extra
reinforcement.
Types of failures in confined masonry
• SHEAR FAILURE
• FLEXURAL FAILURE
 KEY FACTORS INFLUENCING SEISMIC RESISTANCE OF CONFINED
MASONRY STRUCTURES

 Wall Density: more wall density= less damage

 Masonry Units and Mortar: solid and sound brick, with good quality
mortar.
 Tie-Columns: provision of ductility at ends.
 Horizontal Wall Reinforcement: beneficial effect on wall ductility.
• Openings: should be less than 10%.
 World wide application
• Evolved though an informal process based on its satisfactory
performance in past earthquakes
• The first reported use in the reconstruction after the 1908
Messina, Italy earthquake (M 7.2) - death toll 70,000
• Practiced in Chile and Columbia since 1930’s and in Mexico
since 1940’s.
Currently practiced in several countries/regions with high seismic risk,
including Latin America, Mediterranean Europe, Middle East (Iran), South
Asia (Indonesia), and the Far East (China).

February 2010, Chile ; M 8.8 521 deaths (10 due to confined masonry
construction)
INDONESIA IRAN

EL SALVADOR ARGENTINA
Institutes new building for medical research at naggar,
himachal pradesh
• Made by using confined masonry (dhajji diwari system as locally called).
CONCLUTION:
• It does not require highly qualified labour.
• due to its smaller member sizes and the lesser amount of reinforcement it
is more cost-effective than RC frame construction.
• It has a broad range of applications - it can be used for single-family
houses as well as for medium-rise apartment buildings.
• Confined masonry construction has a great potential for saving lives and
property in areas of high seismic risk in India, where more than 5 crore of
population belongs to middle class and 41.6% population is below poverty
line (2010 census) .
THANK YOU