CHAPTER 5

WORK, ENERGY & POWER

SUBCHAPTERS

1. Work.
2. Kinetic and Potential Energy
3. Conservation of Mechanical Energy.
4. Law of Conservation of Energy.
5. Power.
 WORK

 Work is defined as the product of the applied force

and the displacement of an object in the direction
of the applied force.
 Work aso defined as amount of energy transferred.
 The SI unit for work is Joule (J) = N.m @ kg m2 s-2.
 A newton (N) is defined as 1 kg⋅m/s2
WORK CALCULATION..
EXAMPLE 1

 A machine is lifting up a aload of 2000 N. if the

maximum energy generated by the machine is 3.0 x
104 J, what is the maximum height attained when the
machine lifts the load?
Ans: 15 m
 EXAMPLE 2

 A force acting on an object of mass 3.0 kg. the object

accelerates with 2.0 m s-2 and it travels a distance of
10 m. What is the work done by the force?
Ans: 60 J
 ENERGY

 Energy – the ability to do work and produce heat.

 Kinetic energy – energy of an object due to its
motion.

 Potential Energy - energy of an object due to its

position (usually relates with gravitational field).
 Objects that have the Objects in motion have
kinetic energy. Metabolism
capacity to move but
involves the
are not moving have transformation of
potential energy that potential energy into
can be converted into kinetic energy; some
kinetic energy potential energy is lost as
heat in the process.
 EXAMPLE 3

 A bullet of mass 200 g moves in the air at a height

250 m from the ground with a speed of 150 m s-1.
What is the total potential and kinetic energy of the
bullet?
Ans: 2750 J
 EXAMPLE 4

 A trolley of mass 800 g slides down a smooth slope

from rest. It slides down from a vertical height of 5.0
m. What is the speed of trolley when it reaches the
ground of the slope?
Ans: 10 m s-1
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

 Law of conservation of energy – energy

can be converted from one to another but
cannot be neither created nor destroyed.
 Energy of universe is constant.
 Principle of conservation of energy
 states “in an isolated (closed) system, the total energy of
that system is constant”.
 According to the principle of conservation of energy, we get
The initial of total energy = the final of total energy

E Ei f

Conservation of mechanical energy

 In an isolated system, the mechanical energy of a system is
the sum of its potential energy, P and the kinetic energy, K of
the objects are constant.

E  K  P  constant OR K i  Pi  K f  Pf
 POWER & EFFICIENCY
 Power is defined as the rate at which work is done or
the amount of work done per second.

 SI unit of Power is Watt (W) = Joule per second (J s-1).

 POWER & EFFICIENCY

 Efficiency of a device is defined as the

percentage of the energy input that is
transformed into useful output.
 EXAMPLE 5

 An electric motor rated 240 V, 800 W can lift

a 100 kg weight to a height of 3 m in 5
seconds. Calculate the useful power output
of the motor and its efficiency.
[use g = 9.8 N kg-1]
Ans: 73.5 %
LESSON OUTCOME

 Able to explain the concept of work.

 Able to explain and solve problems on work done by constant force.
 Able to explain the concept of kinetic energy and Work-Energy Principle.
 Able to analyze and solve motion problems using kinetic energy concept
and Work-Energy Principle.
 Able to explain the concept of potential energy.
 Able to analyze and solve motion problems using the potential energy
concept.
 Able to explain the Principle of Conservation of Mechanical Energy.
 Able to analyze and solve motion problems using the Principle of
Conservation of Mechanical Energy.