HOSPITAL DESIGN

DATA COLLECTION
BY- SHERYL SHEKINAH, MOKSHITHA.G , NEENA.B .
Definition of a hospital :
• ‘A hospital is a residential establishment which provides short term and long term
medical care consisting of observational , diagnostic, therapeutic and
rehabilitative services for persons suffering or suspecting to be suffering from
disease or injury and for parturients . It may or may not also provide services for
ambulatory patients on an out patient basis.’
Classification of hospital :
What is a multi-speciality hospital:
• A multi speciality hospital is one that has facilities for all ailments and diseases
with an expert team of specialists.
• The patients are so immensely taken care of with air conditioned rooms and
canteens inside and personalized care .
5 MAJOR BENEFITS OF OPTING FOR A MULTISPECIALITY
HOSPITAL OVER TRADITIONAL HOSPITALS:

• 1.Easy treatments at affordable costs: Suppose , if you visit four different hospitals for
different medical treatments , you will spend a significant amount of money at each of
those hospitals while having to update every doctor of the treatments you are taking
from the rest of the three doctors . But if you visit a hospital that provides specialist
treatments for all those four medical conditions at the same place , you won’t have to
visit any other hospitals ever . And since all individual units are linked and centralised in
a Multispeciality facility, all doctors will be aware of your ongoing treatments and
conditions and will even coordinate to give you the best possible treatments.
• 2.Larger teams with multiple specialities: The biggest problem most patients face is
when they are admitted to a traditional hospital and are told to a different speciality
hospital after diagnosis due to unavailability of the required doctors or staff. This
problem is significantly tackled in a multispeciality hospital where specialists from
various fields come together to diagnose and treat you without moving you around.
• 3.Varied Equipment available Under one Roof : Another problem for patients who
need to perform multiple tests for a condition is finding different testing centres ,
diagnostic imaging centres, and speciality hospitals that have the required
equipment and staff for those tests.
• 4. Treating different lifestyle diseases simultaneously : The biggest medical crisis
of the 21st century which led to an exponential rise in the number of patients
suffering from lifestyle diseases . These are the diseases of the heart, bones ,
teeth, eyes etc. instead of moving from doctor to doctor , at multispeciality
facilities, you will get a comprehensive treatment solution where all your lifestyle
diseases will be treated simultaneously.
• 5.Better Integration with insurance companies : A singular speciality hospital will
collaborate with insurance companies that cover their treatments only . Since that
isn’t the case with multispeciality hospitals, they tend to work with numerous
insurance companies that would cover their varied medical treatments individually
or in totality.
Functions of a hospital :
Hospital function:
• 1.Intramural –services within the wall of hospital .
• 2.Extramural-services outside the wall of hospitals. Eg: OPD , outreach services ,
medical camps, immunization program.
• INTRAMURAL FUNCTIONS:
• i. Therapeutic –
• Diagnostic
• Curative
• Rehabilitative
• Care of emergencies
• ii. Preventive –
• Antenatal and postnatal services
• Well baby clinics and immunization schedule .
• Family welfare services
• Control of communicable diseases
• Health education
• iii. Education -
• Medical : Undergraduate , post graduate , and post doctoral.
• Nursing education : undergraduate , post graduate and doctoral.
• Speciality
• Paramedical
• Community health
• iv. Research-
• Clinical medicine
• Hospital administration
• 2.EXTRA MURAL FUCNTIONS
• Outpatient services
• Home care / outreach/ domiciliary services
THE CHANGING ROLE OF HOPITAL :
• The role of hospitals has changed with emphasis shifting from:
• Curative to preventive .
• In patient care to out patient and home care .
• Acute to chronic illness
• Tertiary and secondary to primary health care .
The important factors that have led to
changing role and functions of hospital:
• Expansion of climate from dying and destitute to all classes of people .
• Improved socio- economic status.
• Increased health awareness .
• Government ‘s duty to provide comprehensive health care .
• Improved transportation and communication services . Rapid advances in medical
science and technology .
• Increase in population leading to increase in demand for hospital beds.
• Reorientation of health care delivery system with an emphasis on primary health
care.
PLANING OF THE HOSPITAL:
• 1. planning of the hospital should include:
• A survey for needs of the hospital in an area and availability of land and basic
amenities like land , water , electricity etc.
• Availability of adequate funds for construction , operation and maintenance.
• Scope for expansion to keep pace with changing medical and social patterns .
• Appropriate distribution of beds, e.g. medical , surgical and paediatirc as per sex
ratio – male female
• 2. Regional planning:
ELEMENTS AND DIVISIONS IN A
HOSPITAL:
BED DISTRIBUTION:
• The functions of the hospital revolve around the total no of beds and their
distribution within various depart and services.
• The no of beds in a hospital is the yardstick applied when referring to the size of
the hospital , its various services , occupancy rate etc.
• Types of bed accomodations
• Bed distribution by services
• Space requirements.
Hospital planning staging :
Space requirement for some basic
departments:
Room planning according to grid:
• Expanding on this with the addition of the
access corridor and stringing the rooms out in
line , as in the plan below , we see how the
planning grid starts taking from . Looking more
closely at this plan we can see something
important has been determined , namely , the
position of the columns that will support the
building . We can thus see how the structural
grid , the network of lines defining the location
of columns , has been derived from the
planning grid .the structural grid need not
necessarily be the same as the planning grid ,
but is usually derived from it.
Building must be :
• Maintenance free
• Environment friendly
• Minimum energy expenditure for ambient light and climate control
• Functional segregation
• Emergency exits , ramps , fire alarms
• Disabled friendly