Alternative Biofuel

to Lessen Pollution
Background of the Study
Everything we burn or have ever burned for
fuel originated as a living thing. It either started
out as a plant, gathering energy from the sun
and pulling carbon dioxide out of the air to
store that energy, or else it was an animal that
ate that plant (or ate the animal that ate that
plant). In one sense, all fuel is biofuel, however,
we generally reserve the "biofuel" designation
for material that was recently living - to
distinguish it from fossil fuel.
WHAT IS BIOFUEL?
The most important issues of discussion recently
have been global warming and strategies to prevent
the effects of pollution in our environment. Many
countries have adopted the use of biofuels to
minimize greenhouse gas emissions.
Alternative fuels are utilized to minimize carbon
dioxide and other vehicle emissions, as motor
vehicles are a major cause of air pollution.
It is defined by the Energy Policy Act of 1992
(EPAct), include ethanol, natural gas, propane,
hydrogen, biodiesel, electricity, methanol, and p-
series fuels. Alternative fuels reduce the number of
harmful pollutants and exhaust emissions.
There are many ways that can reduce nutrient
pollution in different aspects including:

Businesses
-Manage and Reduce Emissions
-Increase Energy Efficiency
-Buy Renewable Energy

Individuals:
-Conserve Energy
-Minimize the Miles
 Factors that are associated with the
production of biofuels require energy;
Fertilizers for plant growth, tractors, transportation, and energy
to convert plants to liquid fuels are all required in biofuel
production. Furthermore, if farms are expanded elsewhere to
compensate for lost food production, using food crops or arable
land for biofuel production may result in deforestation.
The increased production of biofuels also adds to the
competitiveness with food production, resulting in an increase in
food prices. The loss of biodiversity and a rise in greenhouse gas
emissions result from large-scale conversions of rainforests and
tropical grasslands for feedstocks.
- First Generation Biofuel Also called
conventional biofuel
Made from sugar, starch and vegetable oil
animal fats.

Raw Material that can be used as a Biofuel:

• Sugarcane
• Corn
• Rice
Corn as Biofuel
Composition

Corn as Biofuel
Composition
Starch – 61%
Corn oil- 3.8%
Protein- 8.0%A
Fiber-11.2% Corn grain makes a good biofuel feedstock
due to its starch content and relative easy
conversion to ethanol. Infrastructure to
plant, harvest and store corn in mass
quantities benefits the corn ethanol industry.
Sugarcane as Biofuel
• Milling of sugarcane for
separation of juice and
bagasse
• Fermentation of Sugarcane
into Alcohol
• Distillation and separation ofSugarcane is a well-known biofuel source:
Alcohol 95% Brazil has been fermenting sugarcane juice
• Dehydration to remove to make alcohol-based fuel for decades.
water content Ethanol from sugarcane yields 25% more
energy than the amount used during the
production process, and reduces
greenhouse gas emissions by 12%
compared to fossil fuels.
Palay hulls
Instead of rotten foods and
vegetables, the rice hulls, will
also serve as an alternative
biomass fuel. It is considered to
be a potential replacement for
fossil fuels such as coal, natural
gas and petroleum. The power
generation system is a typical
pulverized coal-fired steam Rice hulls provide a dense source of
cycle unit. carbon which, when composted, can
increase the water and nutrient holding
capacity of soil, improve soil aggregation,
porosity, infiltration, and many other key
beneficial soil physical characteristics.
- To produce biofuel we used rice husk that contains
about 30–50% of organic carbon and have high heat
value.
- This can be used to generate fuel, heat, or electricity
through thermal, chemical, or bioprocesses.
ADVANTAGES:
• Biofuels are relevant for vehicles today.
• They do not come without debate.
• Synergies will alleviate energy concerns and improve
biofuels performance measures.
• Balance between crops for biofuels and food must be
found.
• price
• sources /raw materials
• renewability /biodegradable:
• economic stimulation/employment
• carbon cycle
• nontoxic/safer
• Greenhouse effect.
DISADVANTAGES:
• Engine problem
• Food prices
• Food shortages
• High cost
• for refining purpose and to and to
build a biofuel manufacturing plants
to increase biofuel, high initial
investment is required.
Significance/Objective of using alternative fuels:

• It help some to solve some of the ozone problems of the

most severely affected areas

• A variety of alternative fuels and technologies are or

could become available for automotive use, including
natural gas; methanol (and methanol blends); ethanol
(and ethanol blends), liquid petroleum gas (LPG),
including propane; hydrogen; electricity; and
reformulated gasoline.

• -It will reduces the number of harmful pollutants and

exhaust emissions.
 Some researchers remain positive that smart biofuel
production could help meet energy demand without causing any
adverse effects on people or the environment. In a Science
Policy Forum, David Tilman, a Professor of Ecology in the
University of California (Santa Barbara), and colleagues stated
that biofuels can be produced in substantial quantities at low
environmental cost provided they are derived from feedstocks
that have lower greenhouse gas emissions than conventional
energy sources, and it will also not compete with food
production.
We believe that producing biofuels, when done correctly, can
contribute to a more sustainable and ethical society.