CHE 31.

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS

Lecture 12
Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baños
LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Recycle Stream

Recycle stream is a term denoting a process stream that

returns material from downstream of a process unit back to
the process unit.

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Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baños
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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Bypass Stream

Bypass stream is a stream that skips one or more stages of

the process and goes directly to another downstream
stage.

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Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baños
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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Purge Stream

Purge stream is a stream bled off to remove an

accumulation of inerts or unwanted material that
might otherwise build up in the recycle stream.

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Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baños
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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Example 12-1. Distillation of Benzene and Toluene

A distillation column separates 10,000 kg/hr of a mixture

containing equal m a s s of benzene and toluene. The product
D recovered from the condenser at the top of the column
contains 95% benzene, and the bottom W from the column
contains 96% toluene.

The vapor V entering the condenser from the top of the

column is 8000 kg/hr. A portion of the product from the
condenser is returned to the column as reflux R, and the
rest is withdrawn as the final product D. A s s um e that V, R,
and D are identical in composition since V is condensed
completely.

Find the ratio of the amount refluxed R to the product

withdrawn D.
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Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baños
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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Example 12-1. Distillation of Benzene and Toluene

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Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baños
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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Example 12-1. Distillation of Benzene and Toluene

Overall Process

Total Balance: 10,000 = D + W

Benzene Balance: 10,000(0.50) = D(0.95) + W(0.04)

Solving simultaneously, D = 5 0 5 0 kg/hr ; W = 4 9 5 0 kg/hr

Total balance around the separator:

8000 = R + D
R = 2 9 5 0 kg/hr

Ratio (R/D) = (2950/5050) = 0.58

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Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baños
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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Example 12-2. Conversion of Sucrose to Glucose and Fructose

Refined sugar (sucrose) can be converted to glucose and

fructose by the inversion process

C 1 2 H 2 2 O 1 1 + H 2 O =======> C 6 H 1 2 O 6 (G) + C 6 H 1 2 O 6 (F)

The combined glucose and fructose is called inversion

sugar. If 90% conversion of sucrose occurs on one pas s
through the reactor, what would be the recycle stream flow
per 1 0 0 lbm fresh feed of sucrose?

What is the concentration of inversion sugar in the recycle

and product streams? A s s u m e that the two streams are
identical in composition. Refer to the flowchart for the
other details of the process.

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Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baños
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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Example 12-2. Conversion of Sucrose to Glucose and Fructose

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Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baños
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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Overall and Single Pass Conversion

 Input-Output  
=  1 0 0  × 1 0 0 = 1 0 0 %
100 - 0
Overall Conv. of A =  In put
 PROCESS
 Input-Output 
=  10 0 
100 - 25
Single Pass Conv. of A =  In put × 1 0 0 = 7 5 %
 REACTOR

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Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baños
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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Example 12-2. Conversion of Sucrose to Glucose and Fructose

Solution:

Basis: 1 00 lbm of fresh

feed

Overall Process
1. Total Balance: P = 1 0 0 lbm

Mixing Point

2. Total Balance: 100 + R = T

3. Sucrose Balance: 100(0.30) + R(xS )R = T(xS)T
4. Inv. Sugar Balance: (0) + R(xI )R = T(0.05)

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Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baños
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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Example 12-2. Conversion of Sucrose to Glucose and Fructose

Reactor + Separator

5. Sucrose Balance: T(xS)T – T(xS )T (0.90) = (R + 100)(x S ) R

Calculate for the p o u nd of water consumed per p o u nd of

sucrose consumed:

1 m o l W   1 mol S  1 8 l b m W  = 0.0526

lbm W
 1 mol S   342.35 lbm S   1 mol W 
6. Hlbm
2 O Balance:
S T(xW)T – T(xS )T (0.90)(0.0526) = (R + 100)(x W ) R
   
7. xR: (xS)R + (xI)R + (xW)R = 1.0
8. xT: (xS)T + 0.05 + (xW)T = 1.0

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Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baños
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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Example 12-2. Conversion of Sucrose to Glucose and Fructose

Solving equations 2-8 simultaneously:

R = 20.94 lbm
T = 120.94
lbm

(x W )T = 0.698
(x S )T = 0.252

(x W )R = 0.6858
(x S )R = 0.0252
(xI)R = 0.289

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Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baños
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