Review of internship

PIPING DESIGN &DETAILED ENGINEERING

Organized by
SmartBridge Educational Services Pvt. Ltd

Presented by
DHARANIKOTA UMA MAHESH
17481A0323
Under guidance of
DR . B. KARUNA KUMAR (Director)

SESHADRI RAO GUDLAVALLERU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institute with Permanent Affiliation to JNTUK Kakinada)
SESHADRI RAO KNOWLEDGE VILLAGE, GUDLAVALLERU
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
2021-22
Internship Certificate:
Project Completion Certificate:
About SmartBridge:

 SmartBridge is building the Nex-Gen Talent pool with skills in emerging

technologies i.e. Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, Internet of Things(loT),
Robotics, Blockchain, Quantum Computing and Cyber Security. Their unique
models of project based learning, micro-skilling and Internships helps students
in building their competency & get ready for industry.
 SmartBridge bring the students, educators and employers on a common
platform to fill the gap between academia & industry
SmartInternz:
 It is a Career Readiness Platform to provide industry / project experience for the
students via remote company access, collaborative work environment and
mentor support.
 SmartInternz is the best place for students to gain industrial work experience in
a project based collaborative environment. Students can work remotely with
companies on internships offered through platform. Improve their skill index &
career readiness factor to get hired by top companies
Overview:
 What is piping and detailed Engineering?
 Scope in Industries
Structure Of field
 Major Players
 Phases in Engineering
 Role Of Mechanical Engineering
 Interface Of Mechanical Engineering
 Layouts and its Uses
 List Of Documents Prepared
 Documents Studied during externship
 AutoCad Application
 Project Presentation
What Is Piping and Detailed Engineering

 Piping Engineering is a specialized branch of detailed engineering dealing with design &
layouts of piping network along with the equipments in a process plant.
 The word ‘Piping’ includes the use of components as pipe, valves and fittings. A piping
designer must be familiar with the equipment, instrumentation and related disciplines in
addition to the many facets of piping design. Engineers, designers and construction
personnel get together to develop and design piping and instrumentation diagrams also
known as P&ID (Process & Instrumentation Diagrams). However, the process doesn’t stop
there, they also make equipment plot plans, define the piping arrangements and make
fabrication drawings.
Factors that are considered include
 Process Requirements
 Process Safety
 Maintainence
 Stress Analysis
 Statutory requirements and economy
Piping and detailed Engineering
Types Of Process Plants

 Industry which is built to produce and sale the energy for industrial
power or for domestic purpose. Different energy industries are Oil & gas,
Power, Petrochemical ,Chemical e.t.c

  A process plant describes how raw materials are processed , what

utilities are required, what equipment’s are used, how the plant is
operated and controlled, Electricity requirements for operation of the
process plant and area required to build the plant to achieve the
required energy i.e.(crude oil , electricity, chemicals, natural gas etc.)
Major Players

 To built and operate the plant we require different parties / contractors for
Performing different activities in each phase of the project.
 
The important players in the industry are

 OWNER/CLIENT/END USER: The one who owns the responsibility to maintain

operate and produce energy.
 EPC contractor: The company which helps the owner in giving engineering
procurement and construction services to build the process plant and sets to
operation of the plant. Once the plant is run/operated, then the complete operation of
plant will be handed over to owner.  
 Engineering Consultant: The company who does the complete design and
detail engineering i.e. defines the technical requirements.
Phases In Engineering

 Front End Engineering Design (FEED)

 Front End Engineering Design is an engineering design approach used to control project expenses and thoroughly
plan the project before a fix bid quote is submitted. It may also be referred to as Pre-project planning (PPP) , front-
end loading(FEL), Feasibility analysis , or early project planning. 
 The following documents shall be prepared in Basic/FEED ENGINEERING
 Project/ job specification
 Preliminary Plot Plan
 Preliminary Piping & Instrumentation
 Technical specification

 
 B) Pre-Bid-Engineering:
 It is the phase where visions and plans become reality . The phase of engineering is done for evaluating the total
project cost by estimating the material required and also man power required for executing the project within the time
line defined by the Customer. The quantities and cost of the project will be submitted in the form of bid document and
will participate in the bidding process to be preffered consultant to execute the project (L1 bidder) . Inputs for carrying
out pre-bid engineering activity will be FEED engineering documents.
 The following documents shall be prepared inPre-bid engineering includes:
 Review of P&ID’S and scope of work
 Technical clarifications/queries for any missing information or ambiguities
 Material take-off (MTO) /Bill Of Material(BOM)
 Material requisitions to float enquiry to vendors for cost of particular item/equipment
 Basis of proposal(This document specifoies any assumptions, deviations, exclusions with reference to scope of work)
 Man-hour estimation
 TOTAL PROJECT COST = MATERIAL COST+ENGINEERING COST+MAN-POWEERCOST
 C) Detailed Engineering:


 It is the phase to develop all the design drawings and documents . The engineering information is used for
purchase/procurerement of the material , defining fabrication and installation of the system .All engineering disciplines
required for the project are included in this phase.
 IV ROLE OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IN PROCESS INDUSTRY 
 Mechanical Engineer plays an important role in Mechanical Equipment design and
piping design. 
 However the complete engineering is divided into detail engineering and design
engineering
 Offer engineering support to Engineering Teams 
 Develop and test mechanical components , equipment and machinery.
 Handle operation, installation and repair of mechanical products.
 Design engineer one who prepares pipe routing drawings,Location, Layouts, Plot plan
etc,.
 Draftsmen is the one who updates the drawings based on the inputs/write up provided by
the Engineer/Designer.Drafting activities based on red mark-ups/comments from
client/Engineer/Designer.
 Define maintainence program to enhance key plant equipment’s throughput.
 Determine production issues and document solution.
 Read system layouts , draw and prepare schematics with AutoCad &CATIA.
 Site engineer is the one who takes care of repairs and maintainence activities of the
equipment/pipe at site, fixing the issues that arises and also ensures that regular checks
done to avoid any failure of equipment. 
Documents Studied

 Process Flow diagram

 Piping and instrumentation diagram
 Overall plot plan
 Equipment layout
 Line list
 Pipe size calculations
 Thickness calculation
 Pressure drop calculations
Process Flow Diagram

 A Process Flow Diagram (PFD) is a type of flowchart that illustrates the

relationships between major components at an industrial plant. It's most often
used in chemical engineering and process engineering, though its concepts are
sometimes applied to other processes as well. It’s used to document a process,
improve a process or model a new one. Depending on its use and content, it
may also be called a Process Flow Chart, Flowsheet, Block Flow Diagram,
Schematic Flow Diagram, Macro Flowchart, Top-down Flowchart, Piping and
Instrument Diagram, System Flow Diagram or System Diagram. They use a
series of symbols and notations to depict a process.  The symbols vary in
different places, and the diagrams may range from simple, hand-drawn scrawls
or sticky notes to professional-looking diagrams with expandable detail,
produced with software.
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
  piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is a detailed diagram in the process
industry which shows the piping and process equipment together with
the instrumentation and control devices.
 Superordinate to the P&ID is the process flow diagram (PFD) which indicates the more
general flow of plant processes and the relationship between major equipment of a plant
facility.
INPUTS REQUIRED FOR PREPARATION:
 Project specification
 Plant process description
 Process flow diagram (PFD)
 Fluid list with its process parameters and properties
 Heat and mass balance drawing
 Water balance drawing
 Tie-in point details
Over all Plot Plan
Purpose:A Plot Plan is a scale drawing that gives an overview (top view) of the entire plant.
All roads, buildings, units, tank farms, employee entrance etc. will be given on a Plot Plan

INPUTS REQUIRED FOR PREPARATION: DOCUMENT CONTENT:

 • Information about process Units.
 • Buildings
 • Utility Requirements of the Plant.
 • Storage Tanks Requirements and Stored
 • Utility runs
Fluids.  • position of roads
 • Capacity and type of LPG Storage Tanks
Sizes, Pressure and Temperatures of  • Equipment layout
Pressurized Storage Vessels.
 • Other constructions in exixting or
 • Product receipt / despatch and mode of
transport (rail, road and pipeline). proposed project site
 • Warehouses, storage areas for solid products
such as petroleum coke, petroleum wax, sulfur,
bitumen / asphalt etc and other open storage
areas like scrap yards and dumping ground.
COMMANDS USED IN AUTOCAD:
 RECTANGLE- REC  TEXT – MTEXT
 DISTANCE – DI  TRIM – TRIM
 ZOOM – Z  FILLET
 EXTENT – E  POLYLINE – PLINE
 LINE – L  HATCH
 CIRCLE-C  ARC
 MIRROR-MI  ERASE
 MOVE-M  PLOT
 COPY-CO
 HEADER
 DIMENSION – DIM
 LEADER - MLEADER
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE OF AutoCAD
PROJECT: TREATED WATER STORAGE TANK
ABSTRACT

 A water supply system needs to include some form of treated water storage to provide a
reserve of drinking water in the event of planned maintenance or problems with the source
or treatment and to cater for fluctuations in demand. Storage may take the form of a small
covered reservoir, providing sufficient head to supply more than one property, or may be a
suitably positioned storage tank (e.g. in the roof space of the property), from which water
flows under gravity to the taps.
 The tank or reservoir should hold a volume sufficient to accommodate the peak demand
and the maximum period of interruption of supply. The storage tank, and other parts of the
water supply system, may be contaminated during construction and should therefore be
disinfected before use. This may be achieved by filling the system with a strong (20 mg/l)
solution of chlorine and leaving to stand for several hours, preferably overnight. The
chlorine solution should be drained off and the system rinsed thoroughly using treated
water.
 All storage tanks must be insulated to guard against freezing during the winter. Insulation
will also prevent the water from warming up too much during the summer months. The tank
must be fitted with a lockable, well-fitting (but not airtight) lid to exclude light and pollutants.
It is especially important to guard against the ingress of insects and animals and all
openings must be protected using a fine mesh screen. The storage tank must be inspected
regularly; at least annually and preferably every six months. If necessary, any accumulated
silt can be flushed or siphoned out and the system disinfected as described above
LINE LIST – WATER INTAKE AND TREATMENT
PIPE LINE SIZING CALCULATIONS:
Line sizing to done to obtain the suitable diameter of the pipe to attain the required
flow velocity , discharge and also to withstand the pressure of the fluid flowing in it.
The purpose of line sizing (for common, water-like liquids, gases, and applications) is
 To fill in appropriate data on P&ID’s, datasheets, and line lists
 To determine pump head requirements
 To meet design process parameters such as flow, velocity & pressure
The factors effecting the line size are:
 Economics
 Velocity
Q = AV
 Pressure drop effects
 Space
 Equipment nozzle connections
PIPE PRESSURE DROP CALCULATIONS
 Pressure drop is defined as the difference in total pressure between two points
of a fluid carrying network.
 The amount of head loss is influenced by the following factors:
a. The length of pipe:
b. The diameter of the pipe:
c. The velocity of water in the pipe:
d. The pipe material:
e. The number of fittings or bends in the pipeline:
f. Viscosity of fluid:
VALVES LIST – WATER INTAKE AND TREATMENT
PIPE FITTINGS
PIPE FITTINGS
THANK YOU