Science 10

ONLINE TRAINING –WORKSHOP ON CRITICAL
CONTENT AND PEDAGOGY FOR GRADE 10

SCIENCE TEACHERS
via Google Meet

DECEMBER 1, 2021
CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION DIVISION
OPTICS: MIRRORS
RETCHIE JOY B. PISANA

SHS Master Teacher I
Banga National High School
Banga 2 District
2
SESSION 1: OPTICS: MIRRORS
OBJECTIVES:
1. Predict the qualitative characteristics (location,

orientation, type and magnification)
of the images formed by plane mirrors;
2. Distinguish between converging and diverging
mirrors;
3
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SOUTH COTABATO
OBJECTIVES:
3. Apply ray diagramming techniques in describing

the qualitative characteristics and positions
of images formed by mirrors; and
4. Determine the qualitative characteristics
(location, orientation, type and magnification)
of images formed by curved mirrors.
4
ACTIVITY 1. PICTURE PERFECT
• Starting with the first

letter of your first name,
describe the picture
on the right.
• What factors allow you
to see it perfectly?
5
ACTIVITY 2. ME ERROR…MIRROR
Identify the mirror type as shown and described below.
• object‘s distance
is the same as the image’
distance
• reverses right and left
• object’s height
height
6
• object‘s distance
distance
• reverses right and left
• object’s height
height
✔PLANE MIRROR
7
• Image orientation is
always upright
• Image size is always
reduced
• Image type is always
virtual
PASCO scientific
8
• Image orientation is
always upright
• Image size is always
reduced
• Image type is always
virtual
PASCO scientific ✔CONVEX MIRROR
9
• If the object is at the

center of the mirror, the
image is inverted, image
size is the same as the
object, and is real.
• If the object is between the
https://www4.uwsp.edu/physastr/kmenning/Phys204/Lect20.html
mirror and focus, the
image orientation is
upright, enlarged, and
virtual.
10
• If the object is at the center

of this mirror, the image is
inverted, image size is the
same as the object, and is
real.
• If the object is between the
https://www4.uwsp.edu/physastr/kmenning/Phys204/Lect20.html
mirror and focus, the image
orientation is upright,
enlarged, and virtual.
✔CONCAVE MIRROR
11
THE REFLECTION OF LIGHT

• To study the reflection of light, we need
a simple way to draw situations we are
interested in.
• A convenient method is to use rays.
• A ray is an arrow that points in the
direction that light travels.
• Waves created by a rock dropped into a
pool of water form concentric outward-
moving circles.
12

• The circles represent crests of the
outgoing waves. The outward motion
of the waves is indicated
by the outward-pointing arrows—
the rays.
• Rays are always at right angles
to the wave fronts.
• A similar situation applies to light and
other electromagnetic waves.
13

• In this case, the waves move out in three
dimensions.
• Spherical wave fronts such as these
have rays that point radially outward.
• The figure on the right shows that as
waves move farther from a source,
spherical wave fronts become flat
planes, and the rays become parallel.
14
THE REFLECTION OF LIGHT ON PLANE MIRRORS

• Plane waves and their corresponding
rays are useful when investigating
the properties of mirrors.
• Consider a beam of light that reflects
from a mirror.
• To study this situation, we begin
by drawing the normal to the surface
of the mirror.
15
THE REFLECTION OF LIGHT ON PLANE MIRRORS

• The incident ray makes an angle
with the normal to the surface called
the angle of incidence, θi
• The reflected ray makes an angle
with the normal to the surface
called the angle of reflection, θr
16
LAW OF REFLECTION
• The Law of
Reflection states
that- " the angle of
incidence
(incoming ray)
equals the angle
of reflection
(outgoing ray)"
17
HOW IMAGES ARE FORMED BY A PLANE MIRROR

• Consider a point ‘O’ on an object.
• The rays of light coming
from the point reflect according
to the laws of reflection.
• Out of several possible rays
from the point, we need
at least two rays to locate
the image.
18

• The normals are parallel for both incident
rays, so they reflect with different angles
of reflection.
• The reflected rays upon incident
on our eye see the image.
• Intersection I of the reflected rays
is the position of image.
• However, the reflected rays do not
intersect as they are diverged.
19

• We have to back trace the reflected rays
(by dotted lines) to find the intersection, I.
• Our eyes see as if the light is coming from
the point I behind the mirror.
• Thus, it is a virtual image.
20

• Note the object distance (do) and image
distance (di) is same in plane mirrors.
• But the distance of a virtual image is taken
as a negative value.
• This is required by a sign convention for
mirrors.
• For such case the magnification is 1 by the
formula, m = -di /do.
21

• We can write this in the form
of an equation as follows:
image distance = −(object
distance)
di = −do
where di is the image distance
and do is the object distance.
22

• The negative image distance
means that the image is behind
the mirror.
• In general, an image that is
behind a mirror is known
as a virtual image.
• The term virtual is used to indicate
that no light passes through the
image and that it cannot be
projected onto a screen.
23

• The height of the image is the same as
the height of the object.
• This is always true for plane mirrors.
• If we let hi denote the image height and
ho the object height, we can express this
result with the following simple
equation:
hi = h o
• Finally, it should be noted that
• plane mirrors reverse right and
left.
24

• If three plane mirrors are joined
at right angles, as shown
in the figure on the right, the result
is referred to as a corner reflector.
• A light ray incident on a corner

reflector is sent back
in the same direction from which
it came.
25

• Corner reflectors are used on ships,
especially on lifeboats, where they
reflect radar waves directly back to
the source.
• Often referred to as retroreflectors,
corner reflectors are common
on cars, on bicycles, and even on the
backs of running shoes.
26
https://ophysics.com/l9.html
27
CURVED MIRRORS: Concave & Convex
• Most curved mirrors

have a spherical shape
and are referred to as
spherical mirrors.
• A typical spherical mirror
is just a portion of a
spherical shell of radius
R.
28
CURVED MIRRORS: Concave & Convex
Diverging mirror Converging mirror
29
CURVED MIRRORS: Concave/ Converging
• Since the mirror is

spherical it technically has
a CENTER OF
CURVATURE, C.
• The focal point happens to
be HALF this distance.
30
CURVED MIRRORS: Concave/ Converging
Ray Diagram
• a pictorial representation of how the light travels to form
an image and can tell you the characteristics
of the image
31
Concave/ Converging: Ray Diagram
• Rule One:
• Draw a ray, starting
from the top of the object,
parallel to the principal
axis and then through “f”
after reflection.
32
• Rule Two:
• Draw a ray, starting from
the top of the object,
through the focal point,
then parallel
to the principal axis
after reflection.
33
• Rule Three:
• Draw a ray, starting from
the top of the object,
through C, then back upon
itself.
• The intersection is the
location of the image.
34
• After getting the intersection,

draw an arrow down from
the principal axis to the
point of intersection.
35
• Is the image on the SAME or

OPPOSITE side of the mirror
as the object?
• Same, therefore it is a REAL
IMAGE.
• Is the image ENLARGED or
REDUCED?
• Is the image INVERTED or
RIGHT SIDE UP?
36
Convex/ Diverging: Ray Diagram

• The figure on the right
shows the principal rays
used in ray tracing
for a convex
mirror.
37

• The figure shows that in front of
the mirror is an object, represented
symbolically by the red
arrow.
• Also indicated in the figure are the
principal rays.
• Notice that these rays diverge
from the mirror as if they had
originated from the tip of the
dashed orange arrow behind the
mirror.
38

• Recall that an image formed
behind a mirror (with no light
passing through the image)
is a virtual image.
• It is worth noting that even
though three rays were used in
the figure, any two would have
given an intersection point at the
tip of the virtual image.
39
• If the object is far

from the mirror, the image
is small and close
to the focal point.
40
Convex/ Diverging: Magnification
• In general, the ratio of the height

of the image, hi, to the height of
the object, ho, is defined as the
magnification, m.
41
https://ophysics.com/l9.html
42
Concave/ Converging: The Mirror Equation
43
Concave/ Converging: The Mirror Equation
• Assume that a certain

concave spherical mirror
has a focal length of 10.0
cm. Locate the image for
an object distance of 25 cm
and describe the image’s
characteristics.
44
Concave/ Converging: The Magnification Equation

• If we get a POSITIVE magnification, the
image is UPRIGHT.
• If we get a NEGATIVE magnification, the
image is INVERTED
• If the magnification value is GREATER than
1, the image is ENLARGED.
• If the magnification value is LESS than 1, the
image is REDUCED.
• If the magnification value is EQUAL to 1, the
image is the SAME SIZE as the object.
45
THE IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS

OF CONVEX AND CONCAVE MIRRORS
46
Describe the image formed in terms location, orientation,
type, and magnification.
• Is the image on the SAME

or OPPOSITE side of the
mirror as the object?
• Is the image ENLARGED

or REDUCED?

RIGHT SIDE UP?
47


or REDUCED?

RIGHT SIDE UP?
48


or REDUCED?

RIGHT SIDE UP?
49
Describe the image distance.
50
Describe the image formed in terms of magnification.
51
ACTIVITY 5: 3…2…1… MIRROR, MIRROR ON
THE WALL!
• Write 3 important things you have learned about yourself
while standing in front of the mirror.
• Write 2 things you need to improve about yourself
• Write 1 beautiful word that will describe your person
52
53
SESSION (1): REFRACTION OF LIGHT IN LENSES
REFRACTION OF LIGHT IN LENSES
• Lenses
• Types of Lenses
• Image formed by Lenses
54
Objectives:
1. Distinguish between converging and diverging

lenses.
2. Determine the qualitative characteristics (location,
orientation, type and magnification) of images
formed lenses.
3. Apply ray diagramming techniques in describing
the qualitative characteristics and positions of
images formed by lenses.
55
ACTIVITY 1
What's the Word, That's the Word
Guess the words flashed on

the screen using the given
clues. Please type your
answers on the chat section.
56
1. _ M _ _ _
 duplicate
 visual
 picture
57
1. _ M _ _ _
 duplicate
 visual
 picture
IMAGE
58
2. _ _ _ R _ T
 divert
 deflect
 bend
59
2. _ _ _ R _ T
 divert
 deflect
 bend
REFRACT
60
3. _ _ _ _ C _
 thing
 item
 body
61
3. _ _ _ _ C _
 thing
 item
 body
OBJECT
62
4. _ _ G _ _
 bright
 energy
 sun
63
4. _ _ G _ _
 bright
 energy
 sun
LIGHT
64
5. _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 cybernetic
 simulated
 computer-generated
65
5. _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 cybernetic
 simulated
 computer-generated
VIRTUAL
66
ACTIVITY 2
Common Denominator
What do this things have in common?
67
ACTIVITY 3
To be specific!
What 2 important things do they
need to work?
LIGHT & LENS
Light is a natural agent that stimulates sight
and makes things visible.
A lens is a transparent material made
of glass or plastic that refracts light
rays and focuses (or appear to focus)
them at a point.
68
Refraction is the bending of light rays when it

travels from one medium to another medium of
different densities.
When the ray of light enters from one medium
to another, it deviates from its original path.
This bending of the light ray is called
refraction of light.
How much a wave is refracted is determined by
the change in wave speed and the initial
direction of wave propagation relative to the
direction of change in speed.
69
TYPES OF LENSES
70
CONVEX LENS is thicker in the center than

edges. It forms real and virtual images
depending on the position of the object. It is also
called Converging Lens because the light that
passes through it tends to converge at a
particular point called the focal point.
71
CONCAVE LENS it is thicker at the edges and

thinner in the center. It forms upright and
reduced images. It is also called Diverging Lens
because the light that passes through it tends to
diverge at a particular point called the focal
point.
72
IMAGES FORMED BY LENSES

The following are important points to be considered in locating graphically the image
formed in lenses:
 Vertex, V – the geometric center of the lens.

 Focal Point / Focus, F – a point where light rays
converge (or appears to converge) when parallel light
rays pass through a lens. Its distance from the vertex
is called the focal length, f.
73
IMAGES FORMED BY LENSES

The following are important points to be considered in locating graphically the image
formed in lenses:
74
The Three Most Useful Rays in Lenses
75
76
77
IMAGES FORMED BY CONVEX LENSES

 In case of a convex lens, if we bring the object close to the
lens, the size of the image keeps on increasing.
 As you bring the object more closes to the lens, we get the
image all the more enlarged.
 So here we can say that the images formed can be of a variety
of types.
 We can have diminished inverted image, small sizes inverted
image, enlarged inverted image, enlarged erect image.
78
IMAGES FORMED BY CONVEX LENSES
Object location Image location Image nature Image size
Infinity At F2 Real and Inverted Diminished
Beyond 2F1 Between 2F2 and F2 Real and Inverted Diminished
ween 2F1 and F1 Beyond 2F2 Real and Inverted Enlarged
At F1 At infinity Real and Inverted Enlarged
At 2 F1 At 2F2 Real and Inverted Same size
Between F1 and 0 On the same side as

Virtual and Erect Enlarged
object
79
IMAGES FORMED BY CONCAVE LENSES
In case of the concave lens, we ALWAYS get erect

images, diminished images and virtual images.
Object location Image location Image nature Image size
Infinity At F2 Virtual and Erect Highly Diminished
Between F1 and

Beyond infinity and 0 Virtual and Erect Diminished
Optical center
80
HOW MUCH DID YOU LEARN?
Convex lens Concave lens
It is converging lens. It is (1) ______lens.
It forms (2) ______ image. It forms virtual image.
Its principal focus is real. Its principal focus is (3) ____.
It is thick in (4) _____. It is thick at corners.
It is thin at corners. It is thin at (5)______.
81
Convex lens Concave lens

It is converging lens. It is (1) diverging lens.
It forms (2) real image. It forms virtual image.
Its principal focus is real. Its principal focus is (3)virtual.
It is thick in (4) middle. It is thick at corners.
It is thin at corners. It is thin at (5) middle.
82
THANK YOU!!!
83

Science 10

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Science 10

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ONLINE TRAINING –WORKSHOP ON CRITICAL

CONTENT AND PEDAGOGY FOR GRADE 10

via Google Meet

RETCHIE JOY B. PISANA

1. Predict the qualitative characteristics (location,

3. Apply ray diagramming techniques in describing

of images formed by curved mirrors.

ACTIVITY 1. PICTURE PERFECT

• Starting with the first

• If the object is at the

• If the object is at the center

THE REFLECTION OF LIGHT

THE REFLECTION OF LIGHT

THE REFLECTION OF LIGHT

THE REFLECTION OF LIGHT ON PLANE MIRRORS

THE REFLECTION OF LIGHT ON PLANE MIRRORS

HOW IMAGES ARE FORMED BY A PLANE MIRROR

HOW IMAGES ARE FORMED BY A PLANE MIRROR

HOW IMAGES ARE FORMED BY A PLANE MIRROR

HOW IMAGES ARE FORMED BY A PLANE MIRROR

HOW IMAGES ARE FORMED BY A PLANE MIRROR

HOW IMAGES ARE FORMED BY A PLANE MIRROR

HOW IMAGES ARE FORMED BY A PLANE MIRROR

HOW IMAGES ARE FORMED BY A PLANE MIRROR

• A light ray incident on a corner

HOW IMAGES ARE FORMED BY A PLANE MIRROR

CURVED MIRRORS: Concave & Convex

• Most curved mirrors

CURVED MIRRORS: Concave & Convex

Diverging mirror Converging mirror

CURVED MIRRORS: Concave/ Converging

• Since the mirror is

CURVED MIRRORS: Concave/ Converging

Concave/ Converging: Ray Diagram

Concave/ Converging: Ray Diagram

Concave/ Converging: Ray Diagram

Concave/ Converging: Ray Diagram

• After getting the intersection,

Concave/ Converging: Ray Diagram

• Is the image on the SAME or

Convex/ Diverging: Ray Diagram

Convex/ Diverging: Ray Diagram

Convex/ Diverging: Ray Diagram

Convex/ Diverging: Ray Diagram

• If the object is far

Convex/ Diverging: Magnification

• In general, the ratio of the height

Concave/ Converging: The Mirror Equation

Concave/ Converging: The Mirror Equation

• Assume that a certain

Concave/ Converging: The Magnification Equation

THE IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS

• Is the image on the SAME

• Is the image ENLARGED

• Is the image INVERTED or

• Is the image on the SAME

• Is the image ENLARGED

• Is the image INVERTED or

• Is the image on the SAME

• Is the image ENLARGED

• Is the image INVERTED or

Describe the image distance.

Describe the image formed in terms of magnification.