SERVICE LIFT

- M. Kashif Jameel
- Gaurav Khatwani
- Donesh Raut
- Isha Dhote
- Gulnanda Gahane
Lifts (elevators)

A Mechanical arrangement which facilitates vertical movement in high rise

structure is called as “lift”. It is also known as “elevator” since it performs
the function of elevating the matter from one level to another.

An elevator is a hoisting and lowering mechanism equipped with a “car”

or “platform” that moves along guides in a “shaft”, or hoistway in a
substantially vertical direction and that transports passengers or goods
or both between two or more floors of a building-

CONTENTS OF AN ELEVATOR :

Hoistway enclosure.
Hoistway doors.
Hoistway dimensions.
Car enclosure.
Guide Rails.
Buffers & Bumpers.
Hoistway enclosure.
- A Hoistway is a Shaft in which an elevator travels. The code requires
that hoistways be enclosed throughout their height with fire resistant
construction.
-The enclosure should have a 2-hour fire rating.
- At the top of hoistway, a metal or concrete floor should be provided.
- The floor should cover the entire top of the hoistway if its area would
be 100ft sq. or less.
- Larger hoistway cross-sectional areas, the floor should extends from
the entrance to the machine space, at or above the level of the
platform, for a distance at least 2ft. Beyond the general contour of the
driving machine, sheaves, or other equipments.
Hoistway doors.
- To provide excess to an elevator car, the shaft enclosure has openings,
protected by doors with safety devices.
- Each opening in a Hoistway enclosure, for access to elevators.
- Car should be protected with a 90min fire rated door for the full width and
height of the openings.
- Generally, single section swinging doors or horizontally sliding doors are
used for freight & passenger elevators and vertically sliding doors are
used extensively for freight elevators.
- Horizontally sliding or swinging doors for automatic elevators should be
equipped with door closers.
- They should close-open doors automatically if the car leaves landed
zone.
- A locking device holds a door closed, preventing it from being opened on
the landing side, except for refers, maintenance, or emergency purposes.
Hoistway dimensions

- The national elevators industry standard, “elevator engineering

standard layouts, lists clear inside dimensions required for hoist ways
for elevators cars covered by the standard.

Car enclosure
- A car basically consists of a frame platform for transporting
passengers & Goods.
- The platform is raised or lowered by wire ropes or a Hydraulic
piston or plunger.
- The car enclosures are supported on a structural steel frame.
- Design, construction & installation of elevator car should meet the
requirements of the “ National standard safety code for elevators,
dumb waiter, escalators & moving walks.
Guide Rails
- The paths of elevator cars & of counterweights, if used are
controlled by vertical guide rails installed in the hoistway. The rails
usually are T-shaped in cross-section & have smooth guiding
surfaces along which the car wheels roll.
- A rails is installed on each side of the shaft to guide the car.

Buffers and Bumpers

- Energy absorbing devices are required at the bottom of a hoistway to
absorb the impact from a car that descends below its normal limit of
travel.
- A.N.S.I A17.1 Specifically requires buffers under cars and
counterweights in hoistways over accessible spaces.
- Oil buffers may be used under elevators at any rated speed, but
spring buffers may be used only for speeds up to 200ft/min.
Some Terminologies
- ANNUNCIATOR : An electrical device that indicates, usually by lights,
the floors at which an elevator landing signal has been registered.
- BUFFER : A device for stopping a descending car or counterweight
beyond its bottom terminal by absorbing and dissipating the kinetic energy
of the car or counterweight the absorbing medium may be an “Oil buffer”
or “Spring buffer”.
- BUMPER : A device other than a buffer for stopping a descending car or
counter weight – Beyond its bottom terminal by absorbing the impact.
- CAR : The load carrying elements of an elevator, including platform, car
frame enclosure, car door or gate.
- RUN BY : The distance a car travel beyond a terminal landing without
striking a stop.
- PIT : Portion of a hoistway below the lowest landing.
Service lifts :
Lifts or elevators which serves or provides special service other than
carrying passengers are called as, “ SERVICE ELEVATORS”.

Types of service lifts :

Depending upon the type of service provided, service lifts are

classified as,
- Freight elevators.
- Automobile elevators.
- Dumb waiter.
FREIGHT ELEVATORS.
As the name suggests, it is used to carry large goods consignment
from one floor to another.
E.g.. From store at the basement to upper floors.
- Depending upon mechanism freight elevators are of Two types.

- HYDRAULIC TYPE : ( for low-rise buildings).

- ELECTRIC TYPE : ( for high-rise buildings).

Classification of freight elevators :

The “American National Standard safety for elevators,
moving walks, ANSI A17.1” classified freight elevators
into three classes.(C1, C2, C3)

C1 – GENERAL FREIGHT LOADING.

C2 – ONLY MOTOR VEHICLES.
C3 – INDUSTRAIL TRUKS.
DESIGN CONSIDERAION :

- Size of material to be carried.

- Weight of material to be carried.
- Method of handling material.

A wide range of capacities & control

systems are available-
Directly & Indirectly, modern freight
elevators make efficient operations
throughout the building.
Plan & Elevation showing freight elevators
DUMB – WAITERS

- Dumbwaiters are cars that are raised or lowered like elevators.

- Generally too small to carry an operator or passenger.
- These may be used in multistoried building to transport small loads
between levels.
- They may powered by push – buttons or manually operated by pulling
ropes.
- Should have fire resistant enclosures.
- Can handle weights upto 100 – 250 kgs, at speed of 0.25 to 0.50 mps.
- Different type of controls offered include call and send and multi button
systems.
Plan & Elevation showing dumb waiter.
AUTOMOBILE ELEVATORS

- USED FOR CARRYING VEHICALES.

- Automobile elevators are designed to give great
convenience to the automobile drivers by
reducing the time to find parking spaces which
becomes less and less available in a crowded
urban life.
- Have two doors, from one door vehicle is
mounted, from other it is taken out.
- Minimum wall thickness of hoistway 150mm
R.C.C or 230 if brick wall.
- Same as other lifts except that the car dimension
is greater.
- Reinforced concrete machine room Structural
floor slab 150 THK designed to susain min
1000kg/msq U.D.L.
Plan &
Elevation
showing
Automobile
Elevators.