ARCTOA11 / ARCTOA11L -

THEORYOF ARCHITECTURE 1
AR. Remson B. Sagun RMP, uap
LECTURE 03: THE DEVELOPLMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
•Influences of Man
•SOCIAL CONDITIONS result from the Needs and Activities of Man.

A.SOCIAL CONDITIONS
1. ASPECT OF LIFE THAT MAKE UP SOCIAL CONDITIONS
1.1. Lifestyle or Way of Living – interest, opinions, behavioral
orientation of an individual.
1.2. Interest of People – the feeling of a person whose attention, concern
or curiosity is particularly engaged.
1.3. Public Opinion (liberal minded or conservative)
1.4. Morality – conviction of what is right or wrong
 2. EFFECTS OF SOCIAL CONDTIONS ON ARCHITECTURE

2.1. System of Planning – due to ways of living or lifestyle.

2.2. Types of Space Requirements – due to interests of people.
2.3. Types of Appearances of Buildings – due to public opinions.
2.4. Progressive or Conservative Styles - due to public opinion.
2.5. Protective Features – due to morality
3.EFFECTS OF SOCIAL CONDITIONS ON ARCHITECTURE DURING
THE HISTORICAL PERIODS.
3.1 Classical Period
3.1.1. GREEK temples, simplicity and exactness…
due to religious interests and scholarly and philosophical people with interests .

 
Example:

Temple of Olympia Zeus in Temple of Poseidon at

Athens Sounion
Erechtheum
GREEK Athletic Buildings… due to the athletic endeavors of the Greeks.
EXAMPLE:

Gymnasium Palaestra
 3.1.2. ROMAN palaces, bath houses that are ornate and rich … extreme love for luxury.

3.2 Romanesque Period

3.2.1.Numerous churches… due to dominance of religion
 
3.3 Gothic Period
3.3.1. More churches and cathedrals … due to intense religious feelings.
3.3.2. Fortified castles of lords and barons … protection from bandits and enemies
3.4. Renaissance Period
3.4.1. Magnificent public buildings …
due to civic pride
3.4.2. Architecture was elaborate, ornate,
insincere in expression and designed for the purpose of being ostentatious … due
to the life that was artificial and theatrical, all naturalness in
social etiquette was abandoned.
3.4.3. Development of Visual Art …
due to interest that is purely on appearance or aesthetics.
 
 3.5. 19th Century
3.5.1. Practical approach to architecture … influenced by new social forms of the
business- like effect of starting industrialism.

3.6 20th Century

3.6.1. New Types of Buildings are conceived …. Influenced by
a complex social structure developed due to advances in
science and technology.
3.6.2. An International Style in Architecture appeared …
due to exchanged of ideas aided by modern transportation, movies,
radios, television and publications.

3.6.3. Architecture became simple and direct, or direct

or sensible and truthful in expression … Sensible ideas prevailed.

3.6.4 Housing area came up … due to population explosion and congested cities.
Cities are re-planned … due to traffic congestion created by arising vehicular traffic.
EFFECTS OF SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE

1. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
1.1. Simple and functional dwellings … simple life and activities.
 
2. SPANISH OCCUPATION (300 years)
2.1. Erection of churches and altars in the homes … religious teachings from Spaniards.
2.1. Bare space requirements in the home … inhibited social
way of life; most activities were influenced by the friars.
 
3. AMERICAN OCCUPATION (50 years)
3.1. Social buildings and spaces came out … social freedom gradually changed
ways of life.
 
4. JAPANESE OCCUPATION (4 years)
4.1. Architecture suffered the greatest stagnation …
the people languished in a restricted atmosphere.
 
5. AFTER INDEPENDENCE

5.1. Many and new types of buildings sprouted …

American influence still prevailed so much in Filipino lifestyle.
 
5.2. Open planning, large, open terraces and social spaces characterize
the homes … American social life is the practice of the day.
 
5.3. The styling in architecture then made a turn to foreign imitations from
South America, Japan and other progressive countries …
this was highly influenced by the effects of travel and lack of nationalism.
 
3. MANNER OF AWARD OF PROJECTS
3.1.Bidding Protocol
3.2. MOA (Memorandum of Agreement) - currency of payment for government projects.
 
4.ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
4.1. Funding – MOA, Loans, Grants, Donations.
4.2. Market Pattern – construction boom, precipice or stagnation.
4.3. Vibrancy of Economy – dictates the number, style and frequency of construction.
 
5.TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS
5.1. Systems of Planning – positioning of rooms depends on traditions and customs.
5.2. Nature of exterior treatments - symbol and features.
5.3. System of Construction
5.3.1. Wood Frame Construction – residential and low-rise.
5.3.2. Pre-Engineered Building – fast, economical type; warehouse & industrial buildings.
5.3.3. Steel Frame Structures – immensely strong and flexible; earthquake-prone areas.
5.3.4. Concrete Frame Construction
- the most common
- skeleton of concrete that is covered in a skin.
-Brick, aluminum or glass
-Attached to the outer surface of the building.
 
B. POLITICAL CONDITIONS
1. GOVERNMENT   ITSELF … type of government of a country.
1.1. Centralized – the Executive branch dominates.
1.2. Decentralized – LGU has a big role.

 
2. RULES AND REGULATIONS / LAW
2.1. National Building Code (Presidential Decree 1096)
2.2. Sanitation Code (Presidential Decree 856)
2.3. Plumbing Code (Republic Act 1378)
2.4. Electrical Code (Republic Act No. 7920)
2.5. Clean water and Air Acts (Republic Act No. 9275)
2.6. Economic and Socialized Housing (Batas Pambansa 220)
2.7. Condominium Law (Presidential Decree 957)
2.8. Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa 344
 
Figure1: Wood Frame Construction Figure 2: Pre – Engineered Building

Figure 3: Steel Frames Structures Figure 4: Concrete Frame Construction

 5.4 Orientation – in relation to solar pattern.
-Positioning of building in relation to seasonal
variations
in sun’s path as well as prevailing wind patterns
(Habagat (Northeast) & Amihan (Southwest)).
 
5.5. Exterior Forms – mostly shown in religious
buildings: uniformity of church facades and styles.