EEDLO 7032 - Electric

Vehicle
Technology
Dr. S. Thiruvenkadam
Asso. Professor, Dept. of EEE
MGMCET
Course Objectives
• History and Importance of EV & HEV
• Fundamental concepts and principles
• Key elements of EV/HEV: Electric Machines for Propulsion
Applications and Energy Sources
• Energy management strategies
Modules and outcomes
• Introduction
- the history and evolvement
• Drive-train Topologies
- principles of various EV/HEVs drive train topologies
• DC and AC Machines for Propulsion Applications
- electric propulsion system components
• Energy Sources for EV/HEV
- various energy sources and energy storage components
• Modeling and design of the drive trains
- design aspects of EV/EHV
• Energy Management Strategies and Energy Efficiency
-energy management strategies
Reference Books:
1. I. Hussein, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Design Fundamentals, CRC Press, 2003.
2. M. Ehsani, Y. Gao, S.E. Gay and Ali Emadi, Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric and
Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory and Design, CRC Press. 2005
3. Sheldon Williamsom, Energy Management Strategies for Electric and Plug-in Hybrid
Vehicles, Springer 2013
4. J. Larminie and J. Lowry, Electric Vehicle Technology Explained, Wiley, 2003
5. C. MI, M. Abul and D. W. Gao, Hybrid Electrical Vehicle Principles and Application
with Practical Perspectives, Wiley 2011
6. Robert A. Huggins, Energy Storage, Springer 2010
7. N.Mohan, T.M.Undeland, W.P Robbins, Power Electronics, Converters, Applications
& Design, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 2003
8. B. K Bose, Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives, Pearson Education 2002
Website Reference:
1. http://nptel.iitm.ac.in: Introduction to Hybrid and Electric Vehicles -
Web course
Prerequisites
• Vehicle Mechanisms
• Electrical Machines
• Energy storage systems (ESS)
• Power Electronics
Vehicles Mechanisms
• Engine
• Steering mechanism
• Transmission mechanism
• Brake mechanism
• Suspension 
Diesel Engine (Four Stroke)
• Intake ( air and fuel mixture into the cylinder)
• Compression (Compressing the air and fuel mixture in the cylinder)
• Power (Electrical spark ignites the air and fuel mixture)
• Exhaust
 Electric Vehicle?
• A hybrid electric vehicle (or HEV for short) is a vehicle without the capacity
to plug in but has an electric drive system and battery. It's driving energy
comes only from liquid fuel.
• A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (also called a PHEV) is a vehicle with plug-in
capability, and it can use energy for driving from either its battery or liquid
fuel.
• An all-electric vehicle (often called a battery-electric vehicle, an electric
vehicle, or an EV or AEV for short) is a vehicle that gets its energy for driving
entirely from its battery and it must be plugged in to be recharged.
• A plug-in electric vehicle (or PEV) is any vehicle that can be plugged in
(either a plug-in hybrid or an all-electric vehicle).
History of EV
• Around 1832, Robert Anderson develops the first crude electric
vehicle, but it isn't until the 1870s or later that electric cars become
practical. Pictured here is an electric vehicle built by an English
inventor in 1884.
• The first of those things happened in 1884 when Thomas Parker built
the first electric production car (above) in London that used his own
high-capacity rechargeable batteries. That was followed, in 1889-
1891, by William Morrison introducing a very simple electric wagon
to the USA.
• The first electric car in the United States was developed in 1890–91
by William Morrison of Des Moines, Iowa; the vehicle was a six-
passenger wagon capable of reaching a speed of 23 kilometres per
hour (14 mph).
Continued..,

• Pre-830-Steam-powered transportation
• 1831—Faraday’s law, and shortly thereafter, invention of DC motor
• 1834—Nonrechargeable battery-powered electric car used on a short track
• 1851—Nonrechargeable 19 mph electric car
• 1859—Development of lead storage battery
• 1874—Battery-powered carriage
• Early 1870s-Electricity produced by dynamo-generators
• 1885—Gasoline-powered tricycle car
• 1900—4200 automobiles sold:
• 40% steam powered
• 38% electric powered
• 22% gasoline powered
Continued..,
• EV resurge in the 1960s
• Reasons: Environmental hazards being caused by the emissions of
ICEVs.
• Manufacturers: General Motors (GM) and Ford, became involved in
EV research and development.
• Electrovair vehicles (Electrovair I (1964) and Electrovair II (1966) by
GM)
• The scenario turned in favor of EVs in the early 1970s, as gasoline
prices increased dramatically due to an energy crisis. The Arab oil
embargo of 1973 increased demands for alternate energy sources,
which led to immense interest in EVs.
Continued..,
• In the 1980s and the 1990s, there were tremendous developments of
high-power, high-frequency semiconductor switches, along with the
microprocessor revolution, which led to improved power converter
design to drive the electric motors efficiently.
EV developments in recent years
• High level of activity exists at the major automotive manufacturers.
• New independent manufacturers bring vigor.
• New prototypes are even better.
• High levels of activity overseas exist.
• There are high levels of hybrid vehicle activity.
• A boom in individual ICEV to EV conversions is ongoing.
• The fuel cell shows great promise in solving the battery range
problem.
Need and Importance of EV
• Cheaper to run
-cost of the electricity required to charge an EV is around 40% less than
the cost to use petrol for a similar sized vehicle driving the same
distance
• Cheaper to maintain (HEV, PHEV, EV, PEV)
• Better for the environment (Less pollution and Renewable energy)
• Better for our health ( reduced noise and emissions)
• Reduced electricity demand
• Reduced utilization of liquid-fuel
Battery Parameters
• Battery capacity
The amount of free charge generated by the active material at the negative
electrode and consumed by the positive electrode (measured in Ah or
Coulombs)
• Discharge rate
The current at which a battery is discharged (Q/h)
• State of charge
The present capacity of the battery
• State of discharge
A measure of the charge that has been drawn from a battery
• Depth of discharge
The percentage of battery capacity (rated capacity) to which a battery is
discharged
Factors considered for selection of plant
Speed Vs Torque characteristics of Motors
Commonly used Motors in EVs