Chemistry Practical

Revision
 Table of Contents

01 Volumetric
Analysis 03 Energy Changes & Speed
of Reactions

02 Qualitative
Analysis 04 Planning & Overall
 02b
Speed of Reactions
 Speed of Reactions
01 Type of SOR Experiments
02 Performing the Experiment
03 Recording the Results
04 Graph Drawing
05 Key Sources of Error
 Speed of Reactions
Types of experiments
Reaction between H2SO4 and Mg
(Varying lengths of Mg ribbon)
Time taken for Mg to disappear
 Speed of Reactions
Types of experiments

Time taken for cross to disappear due

to formation of sulfur precipitate
 Speed of Reactions
Types of experiments
Thermal decomposition of MCO3
Time taken for CO2 to form white ppt in limewater
 Speed of Reactions
Performing the Experiment
• Check that stopwatch is working beforehand.
• Start stopwatch immediately.
• If gas collection is involved, ensure that boiling tube/test tube it is stoppered properly.
Check that gas syring is at 0 at the start of experiment.
• If strong heating is required, take note of the position of boiling tube. It should be tilted
at 45° and placed at the hottest region (inner blue cone) of the flame. Use non-
luminuous flame (open air hole)
 Speed of Reactions
Recording the Results
• Time taken should be recorded to nearest second unless stated otherwise.
• Read the instructions carefully to understand what are the variables to record. Record
those variables that are not constant (e.g. varying temperatures of solutions, varying
concentrations of solutions by adding different volumes of distilled water, varying
mass or length of solids)
 Speed of Reactions
Graph Drawing
 •
Graphs for SOR experiments are usually curves instead of straight lines.
• Rules for graph drawing still apply.
• May need to find the gradient of the graph at a certain reading by drawing a tangent to
the graph and taking .
 Speed of Reactions
Key Sources of Error
• There may be human reaction time error when starting and stopping the stopwatch. If stopwatch
started before experiment starts, time taken for the cross to disappear will be longer than
expected.

• There may be human reaction time error when starting and stopping the stopwatch. If stopwatch
started after experiment starts, time taken for the cross to disappear will be shorter than
expected.

• In general, note that for SOR reactions, as the time taken for the reaction to complete
is usually the physical quantity to collect, the key source of error is usually human
reaction time.
Thank
you