First Aid and Water Safety

Short Lecture on Drugs

Education and RA 9165
Prof. Earl Jann T. Laurencio, MSCJ
Drugs
 A drug is any chemical or biological
substance, synthetic or non-synthetic, that
when taken into the organism's body, will in
some way alter the functions of that
organism.
NATURE OF DRUGS: CATEGORIES
a. PRESCRIPTIVE DRUGS - drugs requiring written
authorization from a doctor to allow a purchase. They
are prescribed according to the individual’s age, weight,
and height and should not be taken by anyone else.
b. Over-The-Counter-Drugs (OTC) - these are non-
prescription medicine which may be purchased from
any pharmacy or drugstore without written authorization
from a doctor.
c. Self-medication Syndrome - is found in users and
would be users of drugs whose sources of information
are people or literature other than doctors, pharmacists
and health workers.
How Drug Works?
• The actual effect of a particular drug depends
upon its chemical make-up, dosage and
frequency.
• Dosage or dose is the amount of drugs taken at
one time.
• Frequency on the other hand simply stands for
how often you take drugs within a given period of
time.
• When two drugs are taken together or within a
few hours interval, they may interact with
unexpected results.
• Dosage and frequency of drugs used become an
extremely important part of drug abuse.
The amount of drug in a dose can be described as:
• Minimal dose- the smallest amount of a drug that
will produce a therapeutic effect.
• Maximal dose- the largest amount of drug that will
produce a therapeutic effect.
• Toxic dose- the amount of drugs that produce
symptoms of poisoning.
• Abusive dose- the amount of drug needed to
produce the effects desired by an individual who
improperly uses it.
• Lethal dose- the amount of drug that will cause
death.
Drug Administration
It is the act of introducing any
dangerous drugs into the body.
This term is synonymous with
drug in-take, drug application and
drug use.
Routes of Drug Administration:
Drugs, both medications and recreational
can be administered in a number of ways:
 Inhalation - taking drug into the body by
breathing it in.
 Oral Ingestion – taking drug by the mouth
and passes through the stomach before
absorbing into the blood stream.
 Snorting - ingesting some powdered drugs
through the nose.
 Injection - method of administering drug such
as a drug into the skin, subcutaneous tissue,
muscle, blood vessels, or body cavities,
usually by means of a needle.

a. Subcutaneous – injecting the drugs just below

the surface of the skin also termed as skin
popping.
b. Intravenous - is the giving of liquid substances
directly into a vein.
c. Intramuscular - is the injection of a substance
directly into a muscle.
 Buccal – a drug administration to the cheeks
or the cavity of the mouth.
 Suppositories – administering drug by
inserting either into the rectum (rectal
suppository) or into the vagina (vaginal
suppository) where it melts.
 Topical – application of drugs directly to a
body site such as the skin and the mucous
membrane
 Iontophoresis – introduction of drugs into the
deeper layers of the skin by the use of special
type of electric current for local effect.
Some Medical Uses of Drugs
• Analgesics – drugs that relieve pain
• Antibiotics – combat or control
infectious organisms
• Antipyretics – lowers body
temperature or fever due to infection
• Antihistamines – control or combat
allergic reactions
• Contraceptives – prevents the
meeting of the egg cell and sperm cell
• Decongestants – relieves congestion of the
nasal passages
• Expectorants – those that can ease expulsion
of mucus and phlegm from the lungs and the
throat
• Laxatives – stimulate defecation and encourage
bowel movement
• Sedatives and Tranquilizers – those that can
calm and quiet the nerves and relieve anxiety
without causing depression and clouding of the
mind
• Vitamins – those substances necessary for
normal growth and development and proper
functioning of the body
Dangerous Effects of Improper
Administration of Drugs
• Overdose- over extension of the effects of drugs
because of too much amount taken into the
body.
• Allergy- release of histamines giving rise to
allergic symptoms such as dermatitis, swelling,
fall in blood pressure, suffocation and death.
• Idiosyncrasy- individual reaction to drug.
• Poisonous Property
• Side effects- effects of drugs other than their
direct effects which are most of the time
unwanted.
DANGEROUS DRUGS

This refers to the broad categories or

classes of controlled substances.
Controlled substances are generally
grouped according to pharmacological
classifications, effects, and as to their
legal criteria
GENERAL DRUG CLASSIFICATION
A. According to effects;
1. Depressants
2. Stimulants
3. Hallucinogens
B. According to Medical Pharmacology;
1. Depressants
2. Narcotics
3. Tranquilizers
4. Stimulants
5. Hallucinogens
6. Solvents/Inhalants
C. Legal Categories
1. Prohibited Drugs
2. Regulated Drugs
3. Volatile Substances
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
DANGEROUS DRUGS
(According to Effects)
 A. DEPRESSANTS
(Downers)
This are drugs which suppress vital body
functions especially those of the brain or
central nervous system with the resulting
impairment of judgement, hearing, speech
and muscular coordination.
 Example of Depressants
• Opium
• Morphine
• Heroin
• Codeine
• Demerol and methadone
• Barbiturates
• Tranquilizers
• Solvents
• Alcohol
B. STIMULANTS (Uppers)
They produce effects
opposite to that of
depressants. They produce
increased mental alertness,
wakefulness, hunger, and
provide a feeling of well
being
 Example of Stimulants
• Amphetamines and methamphetamines
• Cocaine
• Caffeine
• Nicotine
• Methylene
DioxyMethamphetamine/Ecstasy
• Rohypnol
C. HALLUCINOGENS

The group of drugs that

consists of a variety of mind-
altering drugs, which distorts
reality, thinking and
perceptions of time, sound,
space and sensation.
 Example of Hallucinogens
• Cannabis sativa L. / MJ
• Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
• Peyote (Mescaline)
• STP (Motor Oils)
• Psylocybin
Drug Abuse

• Also known as substance abuse, involves

the repeated and excessive use of a drug
to produce pleasure or escape reality—
despite its destructive effects.
Drug or Substance Abuse Signs & Symptoms:

1. Tolerance - Needing to use more of the drug

to achieve the same effects.
2. Withdrawal - Experiencing withdrawal
symptoms (e.g. nausea, restlessness,
insomnia, concentration problems, sweating,
tremors, anxiety) after reducing or stopping
chronic drug use. Taking a drug in order to
avoid withdrawal symptoms.
3. Unable to stop using - Desire or unsuccessful
attempts to cut down or stop drug use.
4.Doing more drugs than intended - Taking a
larger amount of a drug than planned. Using a
drug more frequently or for a longer period of
time than intended.
5. Preoccupation with drug - Spending a lot of
time getting, using, and recovering from the
effects of a drug.
6. Giving up/reducing other activities -
Abandoning or spending less time on
previously-enjoyed activities, such as hobbies,
sports, and socializing, in order to use drugs. 
7. Failure to fulfill obligations - Neglecting school,
work, or family responsibilities (e.g. flunking
classes, skipping work, neglecting your
children) because of drug use.
8. Risky drug use - Using a drug under
dangerous conditions, such as while driving
or operating machinery. Taking risks while
high, such as starting a fight or engaging in
unprotected sex.
9. Drug-related physical or psychological
problems – Continuing to use despite
physical problems (e.g. blackouts,
flashbacks, infections, injuries) or
psychological problems (e.g. mood swings,
depression, anxiety, delusions, paranoia) the
drug has caused.
10. Drug-related legal problems - Legal
troubles because of drug use, such
as arrests for disorderly conduct,
driving under the influence, or
stealing to support drug habit. 
11. Drug-related social or
interpersonal problems - Losing old
friends and loved ones due to drug
use. Arguing or fighting with others.
Drug Addiction
• A condition characterized by compulsive drug
intake, craving and seeking, despite negative
consequences associated with drug use.

Drug Addiction has two components these are:

• Physical dependency occurs when a drug has been
used habitually and the body has become
accustomed to its effects. The person must then
continue to use the drug in order to feel normal, or
its absence will trigger the symptoms of withdrawal.

• Psychological dependency occurs when a drug has

been used habitually and the mind has become
emotionally reliant on its effects, either to elicit
pleasure or relieve pain, and does not feel capable
of functioning without it.
How addiction acquired?
• Association
• Experimentation
• Inexperienced doctors
• Habituation
• Toleration
• Dependence
Primary Causes of Drug Abuse

1. Pride
2. Anger
3. Lust
4. Gluttony and Greed
5. Envy
6. Laziness
Group Classification of Drug Abusers
• Situational Users – those who use drugs
to keep them awake or for additional
energy to perform an important work.
• Spree Users – those who take drugs for
“kicks”, an adventurous daring experience
or as a means of fun.
• Hard Core Addicts – those whose activities
revolve almost entirely around the drug
experience and securing supplies
• Hippies – those who are addicted to drugs
believing that drug is an integral part of life
 What are
the Common
What are Signs of
Drug
the Common Abuse?
Signs of Drug Abuse?

• Changes in Behavior
•• Changes in Behavior
Changes in Appearance
•• Changes in Appearance
Changes in Mood
• Changes in Mood
Cross-Section of a Drug Affected Human Brain
Learn how to deal with bad feelings.
Learn to relax
• Sports for relaxation
• Using Music to Relax

• Meditation/ Prayer
 Learn to find new interest,
meet new people, go to new
places put yourself into new
situations.
Talk to someone you trust. Don’t
bottle things up inside – cry,
shout, laugh, feel sad about your
problem.
• Talk to your parents
• Talk to your teacher
• Talk to your spiritual director
• Talk to your family doctor
• Talk to your friends
Give yourself the chance to be
all you can be. Discover your
special talents. Learn many
skills and develop your own
personality
Punishment for someone
who will be caught in
POSSESSION of illegal
drugs and USE of illegal
drugs under RA 9165
 TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS PENALTIES
Possession Unless authorized by law, shall Life imprisonment to
of possess any dangerous drug in death and a fine
Dangerous the following quantities, ranging from 500K
Drugs regardless of the degree of purity to 10M
thereof:
(1) 10 grams or more of opium
(2) 10 grams or more of morphine
(3) 10 grams or more of heroin
(4) 10 grams or more of cocaine or
cocaine hydrochloride
(5) 50 grams or more of
methamphetamine hydrochloride or
"shabu"
(6) 10 grams or more of marijuana resin
or marijuana resin oil
(7) 500 grams or more of marijuana
 TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS PENALTIES
Possession (8) 10 grams or more of other dangerous Life imprisonment
of Dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to,
Drugs methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDA) to death and a fine
or "ecstasy", paramethoxyamphetamine ranging from 500K
(PMA), trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), to 10M
lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD), gamma
hydroxyamphetamine (GHB), and those
similarly designed or newly introduced
drugs and their derivatives, without
having any therapeutic value or if the
quantity possessed is far beyond
therapeutic requirements, as determined
and promulgated by the Board in
accordance to Section 93, Article XI of
this Act.
 TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS PENALTIES
Otherwise, if the quantity involved is less than Life imprisonment and a fine
Possessi the foregoing quantities, the penalties shall be ranging from 400K to 500K
on of graduated as follows:
(1.) Quantity of methamphetamine hydrochloride
Dangerou or "shabu" is ten (10) grams or more but less
s Drugs than fifty (50) grams

(2.) Quantities of dangerous drugs are five (5) Imprisonment of twenty (20)
grams or more but less than ten (10) grams of years and one (1) day to life
opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine imprisonment and a fine
hydrochloride, marijuana resin or marijuana resin ranging from 400K to 500K
oil, methamphetamine hydrochloride or "shabu",
or other dangerous drugs such as, but not
limited to, MDMA or "ecstasy", PMA, TMA, LSD,
GHB, and those similarly designed or newly
introduced drugs and their derivatives, without
having any therapeutic value or if the quantity
possessed is far beyond therapeutic
requirements; or three hundred (300) grams or
more but less than five (hundred) 500) grams of
marijuana
 TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS PENALTIES
Possessi (3.) Quantities of dangerous drugs are Imprisonment of twelve
less than five (5) grams of opium, (12) years and one (1)
on of morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine day to twenty (20) years
Dangerou hydrochloride, marijuana resin or and a fine ranging from
s Drugs marijuana resin oil, methamphetamine 300K to 400K
hydrochloride or "shabu", or other
dangerous drugs such as, but not limited
to, MDMA or "ecstasy", PMA, TMA, LSD,
GHB, and those similarly designed or
newly introduced drugs and their
derivatives, without having any
therapeutic value or if the quantity
possessed is far beyond therapeutic
requirements; or less than three hundred
(300) grams of marijuana.
 TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS PENALTIES
Possession Unless authorized by law, shall Imprisonment
of possess or have under his/her ranging from six (6)
Equipment, control any equipment, months and one (1)
Instrument, instrument, apparatus and other day to four (4) years
Apparatus paraphernalia fit or intended for and a fine ranging
and Other smoking, consuming, from 10K to 50K
Paraphernal administering, injecting, ingesting,
ia for or introducing any dangerous
Dangerous drug into the body
Drugs
 TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS PENALTIES
Possession of Any person found possessing any Life imprisonment to
Dangerous Drugs dangerous drug during a party, or at a death
During Parties,
Social social gathering or meeting, or in the
Gatherings or proximate company of at least two (2)
Meetings persons

Possession of Any person who shall possess or have Imprisonment ranging

Equipment, under his/her control any equipment, from six (6) months and
Instrument,
Apparatus and instrument, apparatus and other one (1) day to four (4)
Other paraphernalia fit or intended for years and a fine ranging
Paraphernalia for smoking, consuming, administering, from 10K to 50K
Dangerous Drugs injecting, ingesting, or introducing any
During Parties, dangerous drug into the body, during
Social
Gatherings or parties, social gatherings or meetings,
Meetings or in the proximate company of at least
two (2) persons.
46
 TITLE PUNISHABLE ACTS PENALTIES
Use of A person apprehended or arrested, who -1st Offense
Dangerous is found to be positive for use of any Penalty of a minimum of
Drugs dangerous drug, after a confirmatory six (6) months
test rehabilitation in a
government center
subject to the provisions
of Article VIII of this Act

-2nd Offense
Imprisonment ranging
from six (6) years and
one (1) day to twelve (12)
years and a fine ranging
from 50K to 200K
THANK
YOU!!!