st F ur na ce

Th e B la
s hu m a n Hati
B y : A s his An
Presented l ( 7 M E-2A)
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Bran 443
6 0 1 2 2 7
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Regd. No
What is a Blast furnace?
 It is a tall cylindrical furnace made up of steel.

 It is lined inside with fire bricks.

 It is narrow at the top and has an arrangement for the introduction of ore and outlet
for waste gases.

 Heated with the help of hot gases.

What are the functions of a Blast Furnace?
 The function of a blast furnace is to
reduce and convert iron oxides into liquid
iron called "hot metal".
 The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack
lined with refractory brick.
 Iron ore, coke and limestone are put into
the top, and preheated air is blown into the
bottom.
Step 1 - The formation of sinter
Step 2 - Cooling system
 The outer case is a water cooled steel casing
that provides the main support for the 30 m
high furnace.
Step-3a Adding of raw material
 The sinter is added through a hopper
at the top of the Blast Furnace.
 The design of the hopper stops gases
escaping through the top as sinter is
added
Step- 3b
 The furnace is run continuously for
up to 2 years.
 Air is blasted in at the bottom at
point A.
 When running continuously, iron is
run out through a tap hole, drilled
into the furnace at the bottom, B.

A
B A
Step- 3c
D D
 Slag is less dense than iron and floats on the
surface.
 Slag is run out through a second tap hole
labelled C.
 Wasted gases pass
 out through the top of the furnace, at point D.
 The hot gases are used to pre-heat the incoming
gases at A.

A
B C
Step- 3d

 Iron that forms in the

 furnace melts at the temperature of
1700°C.
 The iron drips down to the bottom.
Equations for the reactions
Carbon + Oxygen Carbon dioxide

C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g)

 This reaction is exothermic and provides the energy needed to heat

the furnace.
Equations for the reactions
carbon dioxide + carbon carbon monoxide

CO2(g) + C(s) 2CO(g)

 The carbon monoxide produced from the carbon dioxide, is the

reducing agent which takes the oxygen from the iron(III) oxide.
Equations for the reactions

Iron(III) + carbon iron + carbon

oxide monoxide dioxide

Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)

 The iron(III) oxide is reduced. Reduction means the iron(III) oxide loses oxygen. The
Fe3+ ions gains 3 electrons to form Fe atoms.
 Y O U … . .
TH A N K