INTRODUCTION-JIGING

 The jig, in one form or another, continues to hold a

leading place among the machines designed to separate
two or more minerals of different specific gravities.
 It is simple in construction , easily operated, capable of
treating large quantities in a short time, and highly
efficient under various conditions.
 It is macroscopic phenomena in which the heavier and
bigger particles concentrate at the bed bottom while
lighter and smaller particles move to the upper part of
the bed.
The basic construction of a jig is shown above. Essentially
it consists of an open tank, filled with a fluid, with
horizontal or slightly inclined jig 'screen' near the top upon
which the particles are supported, and through which the
fluid flows in alternating directions.
 HISTORY OF JIGGING:-
The history of jigging likely goes back to antiquity, and the
phenomenon was undoubtedly known in Grecian times.
Very quickly humans learned that sizing and washing
particles of ores such as silver, lead, copper, and tin greatly
facilitated the sorting process. Soon thereafter it was likely
learned that if a wicker basket containing particles to be sized
and washed was jogged up and down in water, the heavy
particles soon congregated at the bottom and the light particles
at the top. This act of alternately fluidizing and collapsing a
bed of particles to concentrate the denser mineral on bottom is
the essence of jigging process.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION:-
 Although jigging has been practiced for more over 1000
years, there is no one single theory that can fully explain
the process by which separation is expected.
This is because it is very difficult to examine exactly
what take place in actual process of practical jigging.
 The mechanism which have been postulated in classical
theories include :
(1)Differential acceleration
(2) Hindered Settling
(3) Interstitial trickling
DIFFERENTIAL ACCELERATION:-

 Differential acceleration of a particle is the initial

acceleration at the start of particle movement. this
acceleration is dependent only on the relative density of
the mineral and fluid. size of the particle is not a factor.
HINDERED SETTLING:-
AFTER A SLIGHTLY LONGER TIME PARTICLES WILL
REACHED THEIR TERMINAL VELOCITY.
AS THE QUANTITY OF PARTICLES IN THE FLUID
INCREASES, THE EFFECT OF PARTICLES CROWDING
BECOMES APPARENT AND THE SETTLING RATE OF
THE PARTICLES DECREASE.
INTERSTITIAL TRICKLING:-
AT THE END OF A DOWNSTROKE,AS THE BED BEGINS TO COMPACT, THE
LARGER PARTICLES INTERLOCK, WHILST THE SMALLER GRAINS MOVE
DOWNWARDS THROUGH THE INTERSTICES UNDER INFULENCE OF GRAVITY.
SOME IMPORTANT POINTS ON
JIGS:-
 Very fine material, less than (1/10) millimeter in
diameter, can be treated successfully on jigs. For the
treatment of fine stuff on jigs, close sizing is a
positive disadvantage.
 Bodies falling through water in a tube do not attain as
high a velocity as in falling through the same medium
in large vessels.
 The falling velocity is the more retarded as the diameter of the
body approximates that of the tube.
 The size of the mesh of the jig-sieve has a very important
influence, and must be proportioned to the work to be done.

 The falling velocity is but little affected when the diameter

of the body is less than one-tenth that of the tube.
PROCESS:-
 The two chief reactions of jigging are pulsion and
suction. The reactions occurring during pulsion and
suction are the only reactions of jigging.
 Jigging cycles are said to consist of pulsion and suction.

All jigs use pulsion , and most jigs suction but

the latter is avoided in some jigs.
Below some examples of jigging cycles shown:
JIGGING CYCLES:-

A D
 PULSION:-
The pulsion-reaction is by far the
most important one in the process of jigging. In
pulsion the fluid is moving upward with respect to
stationary reference point. During this period, with
sized grains of different specific gravities, with proper
pulsion-velocity, the separation between them will be
complete. The size-limit is indicated by the hindered-
settling ratio
SUCTION:-
 In suction, the fluid is moving downward with respect to
stationary reference point. Suction due to the movement
of water-columns supplements gravity.
 Any advantage that the small heavy grain would have
over a large light one would, of course, appear in the
resultant tending to carry it to the hutch.
TYPICAL HYDRAULIC JIGS

 Hand jigs
 Hurz Jigs

 Fixed Pulsator Jigs

 Air Pulse Jigs

 Movable Sieve Jigs

 Pneumatic Jigs
 HURZ JIG
The Hurz has a fixed sieve . Hurz jig are usually
built of wood, but construction of concrete has
been reported. They are built of several
compartment in a series . The tailing from one
compartment passing as feed into next
compartment. The amplitude in the jigging is
greatest in the first cell and least in last, so as to
make concentrate in the first compartment And
middling in the other compartment. Rising
water is added to compensate the excessive
suction either above or below the plunger.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM FOR HARZ JIG
ADVANTAGES OF JIGS
 For treatment of coal.
1) after the process of jigging they yield a dry as well
as wet finished products.
2) in treatment of course coal the moisture drained
readily, and dry product is used.
3) but in treatment of fine coal it needs wet washed
products.
4) its mixed treatment method, gives synthesis a blend
of suitable moisture content for best coke making.
 USES OF JIGS

Jigs are generally course mineral concentrating devices.

In coal washing ,pieces as course as 4 to 5 inches can be washed in

jigs.
In ore concentration pieces as course as 1 inch. Can be treated.

Hydraulic jigs treat coal as fine as 1/8 inch and mineral as fine as
20 mesh.
Pneumatics jigs can treat minerals as fine as 65 mesh, as course as
1to 1.5 inches.
They retains a dominant position for the basification of non
magnetic iron ores, and for the many non-mettalics.
REFERENCES
 Investigation on Jigging.
BY ROYAL PRESTON JARVIS
 Mineral processing technology
By B.A. Wills
 Gravity concentration technology
By Richard O. Burt
 Principles of Mineral Dressing
By A.M. Gaudin
THANK YOU