How to Make a Good

Software
2015.03.20
Suho Kwon(suho.kwon@gmail.com )
http://blog.naver.com/knix008
 Software
 Computer software or simply software is
any set of machine-readable instructions
that directs a computer's processor to
perform specific operations.
 Computer software includes computer
programs, libraries and their associated
documentation. The word software is also
sometimes used in a more narrow sense,
meaning application software only.
Software is stored in computer memory
and is intangible, i.e. it cannot be touched.

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 Characteristics of Software Project
 Quality is the most important thing in software
development.

Release Manufacturing

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 Coding Principles
 Decoupling
 Low coupling

 Cohesion
 High Cohesion

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 Reuse
 No duplication, One reason for changing

 Modularity

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 Modular Programming

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 Software Complexity
 Increase exponentially in complexity

Business vs. Software

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 Refactoring
 Improving Source Code  Less Defect
 Improve Readability  Easy to understand
 Improve Design  Easy to modify
 Remove duplication  Reduce error

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 Design Pattern
 Reduce duplication

 Easy to add new feature, Easy to modify

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 Object-Oriented Programming
 Object
 A location in memory having a value and possibly referenced by an identifier. An object
can be a variable, a data structure, or a function.
 In the class-based object-oriented programming paradigm, "object" refers to a particular
instance of a class where the object can be a combination of variables, functions, and
data structures.
 In relational database management, an object can be a table or column, or an
association between data and a database entity (such as relating a person's age to a
specific person).

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 Object-Oriented Thought Process
 How to think?

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 SOLID (Object-Oriented Design)

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 Platform
 A major piece of software, as an operating system, an
operating environment, or a database, under which various
smaller application programs can be designed to run.

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 Software Framework
 In computer programming, a software framework is an abstraction in
which software providing generic functionality can be selectively
changed by additional user-written code, thus providing application-
specific software.
 A software framework is a universal, reusable software environment
that provides particular functionality as part of a larger software
platform to facilitate development of software applications, products
and solutions.
 Software frameworks may include support programs, compilers, code
libraries, tool sets, and application programming interfaces (APIs) that
bring together all the different components to enable development of a
project or solution.

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 Software Framework
 Example

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 Operating System History

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 Software Framework
 Frameworks contain key distinguishing features that
separate them from normal libraries :
 Inversion of control : In a framework, unlike in libraries or normal user
applications, the overall program's flow of control is not dictated by the caller,
but by the framework.
 Default behavior: A framework has a default behavior. This default behavior
must be some useful behavior and not a series of no-ops.
 Extensibility : A framework can be extended by the user usually by selective
overriding or specialized by user code to provide specific functionality.
 Non-modifiable framework code: The framework code, in general, is not
supposed to be modified, while accepting user-implemented extensions. In
other words, users can extend the framework, but should not modify its code.

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 Platform vs. Framework

VS.

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 Programming
 What is programming?

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 Better Programming
 What makes a good code?

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 Good Code
 Everyone can make a code for computer.  Few people can
make a code for human.

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 Readability
 Readability can make a big difference in understanding your
code.

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 Code Review
 Readability

 Coding Rule, Style, Standard, Convention

 MISRA-C : Automotive Coding Convention

 Test Script, Test Pass/Fail, Test Coverage

 Logic

 Others…

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 Coding Style

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 Any Reference or Tool?
 Embedded System Coding Standard : MISRA-C Based

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 Detecting Bugs

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 CI(Continuous Integration)

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 CD(Continuous Delivery)

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 Embedded System
 An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated
function within a larger mechanical or electrical system,
often with real-time computing constraints.

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 Real-Time System
 In computer science, real-time computing (RTC), or reactive
computing, is the study of hardware and software systems
that are subject to a "real-time constraint”.
 Real-time programs must guarantee response within strict time
constraints, often referred to as "deadlines”.

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 Super Loop(Big Loop)
 Check and Run

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 Event Loop
 Each event has a priorities

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 Real-Time Operating System
 CPU Scheduling ( Task Scheduling )
 Task : the smallest schedulerable unit – “Function”

 Inter-Task Communication
 Semaphore, Mutex, Message Queue, Event Flag, Signal,
Mailbox, etc.

 Memory Management
 Memory Pool

 File System
 NTFS, FAT32…

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 RTOS
 Example : RTX

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 General Purpose OS
 Linux

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 General Purpose OS
 Windows

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 Do you want to make it short?
 Balloon Effect

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 Software Engineering
 The study and an application of engineering to
the design, development, and maintenance of software.
 “The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable
approach to the development, operation, and maintenance
of software"
 “An engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of
software production"
 “The establishment and use of sound engineering principles in
order to economically obtain software that is reliable and works
efficiently on real machines.“
  How to make a solution on time, within budget, meeting the
needs with good quality.

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 Software Project

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 Software Project Loss

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 Why Fail and Success?

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 Requirements

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 Science vs. Engineering

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 CMMI(Capability Maturity Model
Integrated)

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 Process
 Software Development Process
 A division of software development work into distinct phases (or
stages) containing activities with the intent of better planning
and management.

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 Software Development Process
 Traditional Process Model : Waterfall

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 When do you want to fix bugs?

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 Other Processes
 Spiral

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 V-Model

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 Other Processes
 Iterative

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 Estimation
 Schedule?

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 Incremental & Evolutionary
 Modern Software Development Process Model

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 Feature vs. Component
 Component Development  Feature Development

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 Design
 UML : Unified Modeling Language

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 Views

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 Skills
 Practices in Everyday Life

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 Agile
 Agile Methodology

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 Agile Process
 Incremental & Evolutionary

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 Agile Software Development

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 Enterprise Agile

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 Approaching Method

Requirement
Requirement
ss
WATERFALL

Design
Design
Implementatio
Implementatio
nn
Verification
Verification

4 444 :
Documents Documents Unverified Code Software
AGILE

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 RUP(Rational Unified Process)

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 The Cost of Defect
 Remove defects as early as possible.

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 Unit Test
 A software testing method by which individual units of source
code, sets of one or more computer program modules together
with associated control data, usage procedures, and operating
procedures, are tested to determine whether they are fit for use.
 Intuitively, one can view a unit as the smallest testable part of an
application. In procedural programming, a unit could be an entire
module, but it is more commonly an individual function or
procedure. In object-oriented programming, a unit is often an
entire interface, such as a class, but could be an individual method.
 Unit tests are short code fragments created by programmers or
occasionally by white box testers during the development process.
It is also known as component testing.

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 Why Unit Test?
 Early bug removal

Debug Later Programming

Programming with Unit Test

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 Test Framework

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 Howto
 Fast, Independent, Small Steps, Continuous

TEST(sprintf, NoFormatOperations)
{
char output[5];

memset(output, 0xaa, sizeof output);

TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(3, sprintf(output, "hey"));
TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING("hey", output);
TEST_ASSERT_BYTES_EQUAL(0xaa, output[4]);
}

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 Test Driven Development
 Write Test First

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 How to Achieve Software Quality?
 Defect Detection Rates

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 How to Achieve Software Quality?
 Defect Detection Rates Estimation in XP

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 Software Architecture
 Software architecture is the high level structure of a
software system, the discipline of creating such structures,
and the documentation of these structures. It is the set of
structures needed to reason about the software system, and
comprises the software elements, the relations between
them, and the properties of both elements and relations.

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 Knowledge
 Depth  Breadth

Knowledge for SW Architect

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 Why Software Architecture?

How To?

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 Abstraction
 A technique for managing complexity of computer
systems. It works by establishing a level of complexity on
which a person interacts with the system, suppressing the
more complex details below the current level. The
programmer works with an idealized interface (usually well
defined) and can add additional levels of functionality that
would otherwise be too complex to handle.

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 Partitioning
 Problem Partitioning

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 Software Reuse
 Software Reuse Maturity Level

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 Architectural Style
 Pipe-Filter  MVC(Model-View-Control)

 Client-Server  Peer-to-Peer

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 Implementation Strategy
 “T” Shape : Depth First Approach

Feature 1

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 Software Craftsmanship – Clean Code
 “There are two parts to learning craftsmanship: knowledge and
work. You must gain the knowledge of principles, patterns, practices,
and heuristics that a craftsman knows, and you must also grind that
knowledge into your fingers, eyes, and gut by working hard and
practicing.”

 “Writing clean code is what you must do in order to call yourself a professional. There is no
reasonable excuse for doing anything less than your best.”

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 Question & Answer

Thanks!!!

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