Explain fuel properties

 The most important properties of gasoline fuel are

1, volatility
2, knocking resistance
3, density
4, stability
5, energy content
 The most important properties of diesel fuel are
1, viscosity
2, surface tension
3, ignition tendency.
•Gasoline properties
1, volatility
The vapor pressure test is another measure of the fuel's volatility. More volatile
fuels vaporize more readily and create more pressure when measured. Less volatile
fuels exert less pressure and evaporate more slowly.

Gasoline is highly volatile due to its low flash point and easily vaporizes when exposed to air.

Gasoline is dangerous because it is highly volatile. The fumes are capable of ignition up to12
feet away from a pooled source. It can float on water and may spread long distances, making
ignition and flash back possible.
2, Knocking RESISTANCE
In an internal-combustion engine, sharp sounds caused by premature combustion of
part of the compressed air-fuel mixture in the cylinder. ... These pressure waves force
parts of the engine to vibrate, which produces an audible knock

3, Density
• The specific gravity of gasoline is from 0.71 to 0.77 with higher densities having a
greater volume of aromatics. Finished marketable gasoline is traded (in Europe) with
a standard reference of 0.755 kg/L (6.30 lb/US gal), and its price is escalated or de-
escalated according to its actual density. Because of its low density, gasoline floats on
water, and so water cannot generally be used to extinguish a gasoline fire unless
applied in a fine mist.
4, Stability
Quality gasoline should be stable for six months if stored properly, but as
gasoline is a mixture rather than a single compound, it will break down
slowly over time due to the separation of the components.

5, Energy content
A gasoline-fueled internal combustion engine obtains energy from the
combustion of gasoline’s.
various hydrocarbons with oxygen from the ambient air, yielding 
carbon dioxide and water as exhaust.  The combustion of octane, a
representative species, performs the chemical reaction.
•Diesel properties
1,viscosity
• 2 diesel fuel has a viscosity in the range of 2.5–3.2 cSt at 40°C, and
biodiesel consisting of the methyl esters of soybean oil has
a viscosity between 4.2 and 4.6
• Diesel is refined at a higher temperature than petrol and has a
certain viscosity according to the different surrounding temperatures
(unlike petrol). The fuels in the Diesel range are known as middle
distillates, whereas Petrol,
2, surface tension
• The surface tension of water is approximately 72.3(10 -3 ) N/ml, where as the surface
tension of gasoline is 21.60 (10 -3 ) N/ml
• The surface tension is defined as the partial derivative of the surface free energy with
respect to the dividing area between the gas and liquid phases. ... The surface
tension is required to predict the capillary pressure of the oil in a porous solid

3, Ignition tendency
• A gasoline engine takes a mixture of gas and air, compresses it, and ignites the mixture
with a spark. A diesel engine takes air, compresses it, and then injects fuel into the
compressed air. The heat of the compressed air ignites the fuel spontaneously.
 Air Pollution Issue CI Engine
 The CI engine, popularly known as the diesel, is examined as a
contributor to metropolitan air pollution.
 Smoke and odor are recognized as the primary targets of public
objection to the diesel, and factors relevant to the smoke and odor
problem are discussed
 . Problems that involve diesel smoke are seen by the author as readily
manageable but a satisfactory solution to the diesel odor problem is
not yet evident.
• Other pollutants—unburned hydrocarbon, partially burned
hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen, and in lesser degree, carbon
monoxide—are significant in the products of diesel combustion.
• Oxides of nitrogen and possibly the aldehydes typically are discharged
in quantities that in equivalent volumes of combustion product may
exceed the quantities discharged by spark-ignition reciprocating
internal combustion engines.
• Features both inherent and unique to the diesel combustion process
are discussed as factors relevant to generation or avoidance of
objectionable pollutants
• . In this context the high temperatures and oxygen availability in
diesel combustion are seen as serious impediments to satisfactory
reduction of the yield of oxides of nitrogen in the diesel process, but
they are favorable in holding concentrations of pollutants in other
categories to acceptably low levels.
• Except for the problem of odor and of oxides of nitrogen, it would
appear that the combustion processes of the CI engine inherently are
favorable toward engine design and operation for reduction in
pollutants to meet environmental needs.
 Liquid hydrocarbons
• Liquid hydrocarbons are the main components of current energy
infrastructure.
• Liquid hydrocarbons produced from non fossil energy sources,
nuclear and specifically renewable resources, would thus be
completely compatible with the existing energy infrastructure.
 Liquid hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that occurs as liquids under
higher pressures. pentane are liquids at room temperature.
Liquid hydrocarbon is the power of engine. It work with a fuel
pump.
Liquid hydrocarbons coming from oil and the fuel pump makes oil the
most magical fluid or entity on the planet.
Gasoline is the most widely used liquid fuel.it is made of hydrocarbon
molecule( compounds that contain hydrogen and carbons only) forming
aliphatic compounds, or chains of carbons with hydrogen atoms
attached.