SEPERATORS AND

ROTATING HEAT
TRANSFER DEVICES
SEPARATORS:
In chemical Engineering separation is a process of converting a mixture
or solution of chemical substances into two or more distinct products.
These separators may involve extractors, evaporators, distillation,
membranes.
Here we are going to discuss about
• The Podbielniak extractor
• Centrifugal evaporators
• The Podbielniak extractor:
The Podbielniak extractor is a horizontal axis liquid - liquid centrifugal
extractor that processes liquids for accelerated solvent extraction.
Heavy liquid and light liquid are made to enter in opposite direction
and they are made to contact each other where mass transfer occurs
and finally leaves in the opposite directions.
Light liquid rotates inward and heavy liquid rotates outside through
perforated plates arranged in a circular shape.
The separation of acetic acid from dilute solutions of water can be done
easily using this method.
Podbielniak Extractor
• Centrifugal Evaporators:
A centrifugal evaporator is a device used for the evaporation of solvents
from sample so that concentration increases. Centrifugal evaporators
not only concentrate but also handles boiling points of up to 220°C. A
centrifugal evaporator often comprises a vacuum pump connected
to a centrifuge chamber. The centrifugal force generated by
spinning the centrifuge rotor causes the vacuum pump generates
the low pressure gradient within the solvent, as pressure drops
the boiling point of components decreases and move rapidly and
get evaporated, leaving the concentrated sample behind.
Centrifugal Evaporator
Rotating heat transfer devices:
1.Liquid Cooled Rotating Anodes
2.The Audiffren Singrun (AS) machine

• Liquid cooled rotating anodes:

One of the more recent technological developments which necessitates
enhanced heat transfer is the target for energy beams, such as lasers.
Targets absorb large amounts of thermal energy over a comparatively small
surface area, and a number of innovative methods for effectively removing
the heat from them have been studied. This system uses rotation and a
system of vanes on the inside surface of the hot face (the right-hand side of
the drawing) in order to enhance the flow of coolant radially across the
inside of the target face. Centrifugal forces causes the heat to be removed.
• The Audiffren Singrun (AS) machine:
The Audiffren-Singrun refrigerator was a sulfur dioxide compression
machine that was shaped like a dumbbell with the condenser and
compressor in one sphere rotating in a tank of cooling water. The
evaporator in the other sphere rotated in a brine tank. This allowed the unit
to be hermetically sealed and prevented the lubrication oil from mixing with
the refrigerant. SO2 vapor from the evaporation unit goes into compressor
and converts into high pressure vapor which then passes through
condensation unit and finally converted into high pressure liquid, after this
it passes through expansion value and reduces it’s pressure and finally into
the evaporator and the cycle continues.
THANK YOU