Chapter One

Overview of Wireless Communication

and Mobile Devices

1
Introduction
 Wireless
 is a term used to describe telecommunications in which
electromagnetic waves (rather than some form of wire) carry
the signal over part or all of the communication path.
 Wireless transmission
 is a form of unguided media.
 involves no physical link established between two or
more devices, communicating wirelessly.
 A little part of electromagnetic spectrum can be
used for wireless transmission.

2
History

 First wireless telephone conversation occurred in 1880

 Alexander Graham Bell and Charles Sumner

Tainter invented and patented the photophone
 Photophone:

 telephone that conducted audio conversations

wirelessly over modulated light beams (which are
narrow projections of electromagnetic waves)
3
Wireless Communication

 Wireless Communication
 incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting
and communicating between two or more devices
using
a wireless signal through wireless communication
technologies and devices.
 is a type of data communication that is performed and
delivered wirelessly.

4
Types of Wireless Communication
 Satellite Communication
 self contained wireless communication technology,
 it is widely spread all over the world to allow users to stay
connected
 satellite amplifies the signal and sent it back to the antenna
receiver which is located on the surface of the earth.
 Infrared Communication
 communicates information in a device or systems through IR
radiation .
 IR is electromagnetic energy at a wavelength that is longer than
that of red light.
 It is used for security control, TV remote control and short
range communications.

5
 Broadcast Radio
 The first wireless communication technology
 Radio waves are electromagnetic signals, that are transmitted
by an antenna.
 These waves have completely different frequency segments,
and you will be ready to obtain an audio signal by
changing into a frequency segment.

6
 Microwave Communication
 an effective type of communication, mainly this transmission uses
radio waves.
 data or information can be transfered using satellite method and
terrestrial method.
 In satellite method, the data can be transmitted though a satellite,
that orbit 22,300 miles above the earth.
 In terrestrial method, in which two microwave towers with
a clear line of sight between them are used, ensuring no obstacles
to disrupt the line of sight.
 used for the purpose of privacy.
 The frequency range typically 4GHz-6GHz and with a
transmission speed is usually 1Mbps to 10Mbps.
 disadvantage of microwave signals is, they can be
weather,
affected especially
by bad rain 7
 Wi-Fi Communication
low power wireless communication, that is used by
various electronic devices like smart phones,
laptops, etc.
In this setup, a router(access point) works as a
communication hub wirelessly.
allow users to connect only within close proximity to
a router.
WiFi is very common in networking applications
These networks need to be protected with
passwords for the purpose of security, otherwise it
will access by others 8
 Mobile Communication Systems
 The advancement of mobile networks is enumerated by
generations.
 Many users communicate across a single frequency band
through mobile phones.
 Cellular and cordless phones are two examples of
devices
which make use of wireless signals.
 Typically, cell phones have a larger range of networks to
provide a coverage.
 But, Cordless phones have a limited range. Similar to GPS
devices, some phones make use of signals from satellites
to communicate.
9
 Bluetooth Technology
 permits you to connect a various electronic devices
wirelessly to a system for the transferring of data.
 used commonly in the wireless communication market.

10
Types of wireless Devices

 Wireless technology describes electronic devices

that communicate without cords using radio
frequency signals.
 Wireless technology is used in a variety of modern
device to provide convenience and greater mobility
 wireless devices play an important role in voice and
Internet communications.

11
Wireless Router
 is a device that accepts an incoming Internet connection and sends
data as RF signals to other wireless devices that are near the router.
 used to connect wireless-enabled computers and other devices to
the Internet.
 A network set up with a wireless router is sometimes
called a wireless local area network (WLAN.).
 Many routers have built-in security features such as firewalls
which help protect devices connected to the router against
malicious data, such as computer viruses

12
Wireless Adapter

 are hardware devices installed inside computers that

enable wireless connectivity.
 If a computer does not have a wireless adapter, it will not be
able to connect to a router in order to access the Internet.
 Some computers have wireless adapters built directly into the
motherboard while it is also possible to install stand-alone
wireless adapters to add wireless capability to a computer
that did not come with an adapter built in.

13
Wireless Repeater

 is a wireless networking device that is used to extend the

range of a router.
 A repeater receives wireless signals and then re-emits them
with increased strength.
 By placing a repeater between a router and the computer
connected to the router, signal strength can be boosted,
resulting in faster connection speeds.

14
Wireless Phones
 Cellular and cordless phones are two more examples of
device that make use of wireless signals.
 Cordless phones have a limited range, but cell phones
typically have a much larger range than local wireless
networks, since cell phone providers use large
telecommunication towers to provide cell phone coverage.
 Satellite phones make use of signals from satellites to
communicate, similar to Global Positioning System (GSP)
devices.
15
 Advantage and Disadvantage of Wireless Communication

Advantage Disadvantage

 The price of fixing cables, wires & other  An unauthorized person can

communications can be reduced easily capture the wireless

 Any data or information can be signals which spread
transmitted faster and with a high speed through the air.
 Maintenance and installation is less cost
for these networks.
 The internet can be accessed from
anywhere wirelessly
 It is very helpful for workers, doctors working
in remote areas as they can be in touch
with medical centers.
16
Telecommunication
 is the electronic exchange of any type of data over a wide
variety of information transmitting technologies and systems
 the transmission of signs, signals, messages, words, writings,
images and sounds or information of any nature by wire, radio,
optical or other electromagnetic systems.
 occurs when the exchange of information between
communication participants includes the use of
technology
 communication over a distance by cable, telegraph, telephone,
or broadcasting. 17
Wireless Communication Protocols
 Bluetooth
 Bluetooth is a global 2.4 GHz personal area network for
short-range wireless communication.
 Device-to-device file transfers, wireless speakers,
and wireless headsets are often enabled with
Bluetooth.
 ZigBee
 ZigBee is a 2.4 GHz mesh local area network (LAN)
protocol.
 It was originally designed for building automation and
control—so things like wireless thermostats and
lighting systems often use ZigBee.
18
 Z-Wave
 Z-Wave is a sub-GHz mesh network protocol, and is a
proprietary stack.
 It’s often used for security systems, home automation,
and lighting controls.
 6LoWPAN
 6LoWPAN uses a lightweight IP-based communication to
travel over lower data rate networks.
 It is an open IoT network protocol like ZigBee, and it
is primarily used for home and building automation.

19
 Thread
 Thread is an open standard, built on IPv6 and 6LoWPAN
protocols.
 You could think of it as Google’s version of ZigBee.
 You can actually use some of the same chips for Thread and
ZigBee, because they’re both based on 802.15.4.
 2G (GSM)
 2G is the “old-school” TDMA (usually) cellular protocol.
 ATMs and old alarm systems used this— and in most parts of
the world it is phased out or in the process of being phased
out.

20
 3G & 4G
 3G was the first “high speed” cellular network, and is a name
that refers to a number of technologies that meet IMT-2000
standards.
 4G is the generation of cellular standards that followed 3G,
and is what most people use today for mobile cellular data.
 You can use 3G and 4G for IoT devices, but the application
needs a constant power source or must be able to be
recharged regularly

21
 5G
 won’t be released for another five years,

 the next generation of cellular network protocol.

 It’s designed for high throughput, and it will probably face

the same issues as 3G and 4G in regards to IoT.

22
Written Assignment #1:

Write on Mobile Devices( A Brief History

of Mobile/tablets, Characteristics of
Mobile/tablet Devices, Mobile Devices
Platforms) and come up with a brief
report with not more than 5 pages.