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  • UNIT 3: Human Anatomy and Physiology: 12. The Endocrine System

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    The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system, including: 1. The endocrine system includes glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to target organs or cells. The major endocrine glands are the adrenal, pancreas, thyroid, pituitary, parathyroid, and thymus glands, as well as the gonads. 2. The adrenal glands sit atop the kidneys and consist of an inner medulla and outer cortex. The medulla secretes adrenaline to prepare the body for emergencies, increasing heart rate, blood flow, and glucose levels. The cortex regulates minerals and glucose. 3. The thyroid gland, located in the

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    Endocrine System explanation

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    BIO 10 endocrine system

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    The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system, including: 1. The endocrine system includes glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to target organs or cells. The major endocrine glands are the adrenal, pancreas, thyroid, pituitary, parathyroid, and thymus glands, as well as the gonads. 2. The adrenal glands sit atop the kidneys and consist of an inner medulla and outer cortex. The medulla secretes adrenaline to prepare the body for emergencies, increasing heart rate, blood flow, and glucose levels. The cortex regulates minerals and glucose. 3. The thyroid gland, located in the

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    2 views10 pages

    UNIT 3: Human Anatomy and Physiology: 12. The Endocrine System

    Uploaded by

    Deekshita
    The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system, including: 1. The endocrine system includes glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to target organs or cells. The major endocrine glands are the adrenal, pancreas, thyroid, pituitary, parathyroid, and thymus glands, as well as the gonads. 2. The adrenal glands sit atop the kidneys and consist of an inner medulla and outer cortex. The medulla secretes adrenaline to prepare the body for emergencies, increasing heart rate, blood flow, and glucose levels. The cortex regulates minerals and glucose. 3. The thyroid gland, located in the

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    UNIT 3: Human Anatomy

    and Physiology
    12. The Endocrine System
    Hormone is a chemical substance
    secreted by an endocrine gland,
    which is directly poured into the
    blood stream and acts on a target
    organ or cell
    Difference between the glands with ducts and ductless
    glands
    Endocrine glands
    1. Adrenal
    2. Pancreas
    3. Thyroid
    4. Pituitary
    5. Parathyroid
    6. Thymus
    7. Gonads
    Adrenal Glands
    • The adrenal glands are like caps on
    the tops of each kidneys (ad: near,
    renal: kidney)

    • Adrenal glands consist of two parts –


    (i) a central medulla and
    (ii) a peripheral cortex
    • Adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline
    (also called epinephrine and
    noradrenaline).

    • Adrenaline is a hormone, which


    prepare the body to meet any
    emergency situation for “fight” i.e. to
    face danger or for “fight”
    Functions of Adrenaline – The Emergency Hormon
    increases heart beat
    increases blood supply to the muscles
    More glucose is released into the blood

    • (ii) Adrenal Cortex


    • The cortical hormones are categorized as
    • (a) Mineralocorticoids
    • (b) Glucocorticoids
    • Hyposecretion – Addison disease.
    • Symptoms are loss of energy, skin pigmentation, loss of weight, nausea, hypoglycemia,
    sensitivity to cold and pain, increased susceptibility to infection, etc.
    • Hyoersecretion :-- Cushing’s syndrome
    • Symptoms are obesity, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, weakness, salt and water
    retention.
    • Arenal virilism (maleness)
    THYROID

    Butterfly shaped
    Front of the neck just below the larynx.
    The two lobes are joined by a narrow
    isthmus(interconnection)
    Hormones secreted :- Thyroxine Calcitonin(mot in
    syllabus)
    Principal Actions :- Promotes tissue metabolism, growth
    and differentiation
    Promotes movement of calcium ions from blood to bones

    Disorders:- Undersecretion – Simple goitre, cretinism in


    children and Myxoedema in adults
    Oversecretion :- Exophthalmic goitre (Eye balls protrude,
    increased metabolism and restlessness
    PITUITARY GLAND
    • Size of a pea
    • Master gland
    • Base of the mid-brain below hypothalamus
    • Weighs – one-half gram
    • Pituitary gland has two distinct lobes, the anterior pituitary and
    posterior pituitary
    Pancreas

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