Chapter 28

Protists and the

Origin of Eukaryotes
 Characteristics:
• eukaryotic
• very diverse
• mostly aerobic
• classified by locomotion, cell wall components
• reproduce asexually, some sexually
 I. Protozoans
• means “first animals”
• classified by locomotion
• nutrition by ingestion
 Protozoans
A. Phylum Rhizopoda –
-naked & shelled amoebas
-use pseudopods (false feet)
-ex: Amoeba proteus
 Protozoans
B. Phylum Actinopoda –
-heliozoans (fw), radiolarians (sw)
-have axopodia
-usually siliceous skeletons
 Protozoans
C. Phylum Foraminifera –
-forams
-have calcareous shells
 Protozoans
D. Phylum Apicomplexa – formerly Sporozoans
-mostly parasitic
-complex life cycles
-no locomotion
-ex: Plasmodium malariae
 Protozoans
E. Phylum Zoomastigina –
-flagella locomotion
-may be colonial
-ex: Trypanosoma, Trichonympha
 Protozoans
F. Phylum Ciliophora –
-use cilia for locomotion
-ex: Paramecium caudatum
 II. Algal protists
• plant-like (algae)
• nutrition by photosynthesis
• classified by cell wall components
 Algal protists
A. Phylum Dinoflagellata
-use 2 flagella
-~1100 species
-cell walls of cellulose
-marine & fw
-ex: Gonyaulax – causes red tide
Red tide
 Algal protists
B. Phylum Chrysophyta
-golden algae
-most fw
-cell walls of pectin with silica
-use flagella (1 or 2)
-ex: Dinobryon
 Algal protists
C. Phylum Bacillariophyta –
-diatoms
-~10,000 species
-2 halves
-shells of silica
-no flagella
-fw & marine
 Algal protists
D. Phylum Euglenophyta –
-Euglena & its relatives
-1 – 3 flagella
-~800 species
-no cell wall
-mostly fw
-chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids
 Algal protists
E. Phylum Chlorophyta –
-green algae
-unicellular, colonial, & multicellular
-2 or more flagella
-cellulose cell walls
-chrlorphyll a, b, carotenoids
-~7000 species
-ex: Chlorella
 Algal protists
F. Phylum Phaeophyta –
-brown algae
-multicellular, including kelp, other seaweed
-2 flagella in reproductive cells
-~1500 species
-nearly all marine
-store food as laminarin
-chlorophyll a, c, carotenoids, fucoxanthin
-ex: Fucus
 Algal protists
G. Phylum Rhodophyta –
-red algae
-multicellular
-~4000 species
-chlorophyll a, d, phycobilins
-food as Floridean starch
-no flagella
-cellulose, pectin in cell walls
-most sw, some fw
-ex: Polysiphonia
 III. Fungus-like protists
A. Phylum Myxomycota –
-plasmodial slime molds
-terrestrial, heterotrophs
-decomposers
-multinucleate amoeboid stage
(plasmodium)
-ex: Physarum
 Fungus-like protists
B. Phylum Acrasiomycota –
-cellular slime molds
-amoeboid unicellular & multicellular stages
-terrestrial, heterotrophs
-decomposers
-ex: Dictyostelium
 Fungus-like protists
C. Phylum Oomycota –
-water molds
-cellulose cell walls