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Aeb4217 Aircraft Propulsion: Dr. A. Muthuram
Aeb4217 Aircraft Propulsion: Dr. A. Muthuram
PROPULSION
Dr. A. Muthuram
AEB4217 AIRCRAFT PROPULSION
• MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES 12 (9L + 3T) Illustration of working
of gas turbine engine - Thrust equation - Factors affecting thrust - Effect of pressure, velocity
and temperature changes of air entering compressor – Methods of thrust augmentation -
performance characteristics.
• MODULE 2: INLETS AND NOZZLES FOR JET ENGINES 12 (9L + 3T) Internal flow and Stall in
subsonic inlets- Diffuser Performance – Supersonic inlets-Starting problem on supersonic
inlets-Shock swallowing by area variation-Modes of inlet operation.- Isentropic flow through
nozzle – Flow through convergent nozzle & C-D nozzle – thrust reversal – thrust vectoring.
• MODULE 3: COMBUSTION CHAMBERS 11 (9L + 2T) Classification of combustion chambers-
Important factors affecting combustion chamber design, Combustion process-Combustion
chamber performance-Flame tube cooling-Flame stabilization.
• MODULE 4: COMPRESSORS 12 (9L + 3T) Types of compressors, Centrifugal compressor –
working principle – Velocity triangle – work done. Axial compressor – working principle –
Velocity triangle - Work done, Centrifugal and Axial compressor performance characteristics.
• MODULE 5: TURBINES 13 (10L + 3T) Principle of operation of axial flow turbines, Work done
and pressure rise, Velocity diagrams, degree of reaction, Performance characteristics of axial
flow turbine, turbine blade cooling methods, basic blade profile design considerations,
matching of compressor and turbine.
AEB4217 AIRCRAFT PROPULSION
• MODULE 1:
• FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES 12 (9L +
3T) Illustration of working of gas turbine engine -
Thrust equation - Factors affecting thrust - Effect of
pressure, velocity and temperature changes of air
entering compressor – Methods of thrust
augmentation - performance characteristics.
MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES
Methods of thrust augmentation
• Among the various types of jet engines, the turbojet engine is the one that
produces the least amount of thrust for a given engine size.
• This is due to the fact that the thrust generated by a turbojet engine is only
by the exhaust gases. Any aircraft equipped with a turbojet engine will be
enabled with the basic thrust (nominal thrust).
• With the basic thrust, an aircraft will be able to perform all the conventional
maneuvers like take-off, cruise, land etc. But there are certain circumstances
wherein an aircraft has to perform special missions for which the basic thrust
is not sufficient.
• Afterburner Technique
• Afterburner is one of the widely used thrust augmentation technique by
which the basic thrust of the jet engine can be periodically augmented to
improve the thrust during take-off, climb and combat maneuver.
• Afterburner is the common method of thrust augmentation and is a
characteristics feature of all supersonic aircraft. The use of afterburner is
made possible due to the fact that the main combustion chamber
consumes only 25 % of the total oxygen passing through the engine.
• As a result, the remaining 75% of the air can be burnt with additional
fuel in a secondary combustion chamber located downstream of the
turbine i.e., in an afterburner.
MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES
Methods of thrust augmentation
• Components of Afterburner
• Diffuser
• Spray Bars
• Torch Igniter
• Flame Holders
• Screech Liners
• Fuel Valves and Pumps
• Variable Area Nozzle
MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES
Methods of thrust augmentation
• Bleedoff Air
• Turbines are the critical element in jet engines, which is why they
are sometimes referred to as gas turbine engines.
• Turbine materials can only withstand so much heat, so not all of
the air flow is combusted as it passes through the engine. In 1944,
AERL researchers theorized that jet engine thrust could be
increased by bleeding off some of this excess high-pressure air as
it leaves compressor so it could be burned separately in an
auxiliary nozzle.
• It was necessary to inject water into the inlet to replace the
removed air. The water turns to steam and maintains the engine
performance, while an auxiliary jet provides extra thrust.