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Aeb4217 Aircraft Propulsion: Dr. A. Muthuram
Aeb4217 Aircraft Propulsion: Dr. A. Muthuram
PROPULSION
Dr. A. Muthuram
AEB4217 AIRCRAFT PROPULSION
• MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES 12 (9L + 3T) Illustration of working
of gas turbine engine - Thrust equation - Factors affecting thrust - Effect of pressure, velocity
and temperature changes of air entering compressor – Methods of thrust augmentation -
performance characteristics.
• MODULE 2: INLETS AND NOZZLES FOR JET ENGINES 12 (9L + 3T) Internal flow and Stall in
subsonic inlets- Diffuser Performance – Supersonic inlets-Starting problem on supersonic
inlets-Shock swallowing by area variation-Modes of inlet operation.- Isentropic flow through
nozzle – Flow through convergent nozzle & C-D nozzle – thrust reversal – thrust vectoring.
• MODULE 3: COMBUSTION CHAMBERS 11 (9L + 2T) Classification of combustion chambers-
Important factors affecting combustion chamber design, Combustion process-Combustion
chamber performance-Flame tube cooling-Flame stabilization.
• MODULE 4: COMPRESSORS 12 (9L + 3T) Types of compressors, Centrifugal compressor –
working principle – Velocity triangle – work done. Axial compressor – working principle –
Velocity triangle - Work done, Centrifugal and Axial compressor performance characteristics.
• MODULE 5: TURBINES 13 (10L + 3T) Principle of operation of axial flow turbines, Work done
and pressure rise, Velocity diagrams, degree of reaction, Performance characteristics of axial
flow turbine, turbine blade cooling methods, basic blade profile design considerations,
matching of compressor and turbine.
AEB4217 AIRCRAFT PROPULSION
• MODULE 1:
• FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES 12 (9L +
3T) Illustration of working of gas turbine engine -
Thrust equation - Factors affecting thrust - Effect of
pressure, velocity and temperature changes of air
entering compressor – Methods of thrust
augmentation - performance characteristics.
MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES
Factors Affecting Thrust
• b) Airspeed
• When a turbojet or turbo fan engine operating at
high power and the aircraft in which it is mounted
is not moving the value of V1 in thrust energy is
zero and thrust is maximum.
• When the aircraft is moving forward the velocity
V1 of the air entering the engine increases, but at
higher power, the exhaust nozzle is chocked and
the value V2, do not increase proportionally.
MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES
Factors Affecting Thrust
• b) Airspeed
• When a turbojet or turbo fan engine operating at high
power and the aircraft in which it is mounted is not moving
the value of V1 in thrust energy is zero and thrust is
maximum.
• When the aircraft is moving forward the velocity V1 of the
air entering the engine increases, but at higher power, the
exhaust nozzle is chocked and the value V2, do not increase
proportionally.
• Therefore, as airspeed increases the net thrust decreases.
MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES
Factors Affecting Thrust
• c) Mass Airflow
• The most significant variable in the thrust
equation is mass air flow. (Wa/g) Many factors
affect the mass airflow, the most important
being air temperature, pressure, because
these factors determine the density of the air
entering the engine & ram effect.
MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES
Factors Affecting Thrust
• d) Altitude effect
• Altitude has a double effect on thrust. As the altitude
increases, the air becomes colder and denser, up to the
beginning of stratosphere.
• This causes the thrust to increase. But at the same time, the
increase in altitude causes decrease in pressure, thus a
decrease in density and corresponding decrease in thrust.
• Since the loss of thrust caused by decreasing pressure is
greater than the increase caused by decreasing temperature.
Thus the thrust decreases as the aircraft ascends.
•
MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES
Factors Affecting Thrust
• d) Altitude effect
•
• At the beginning of stratosphere at approximately
36,000 feet temperature stabilizes at -56.50C and remains at
this temperature up to around 85000 feet.
• The pressure continues to fall above the 36,000 feet and the
thrust therefore drops off at a faster rate than it does at the
lower altitudes.
• This increased drop off in thrust makes 36,000 feet a chosen
altitude for a long range cruise in jet powered aircraft.
MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES
Factors Affecting Thrust
• e) Ram effect
• The compression of air in an inlet duct arising from forward
motion is called ram pressure or ram effect.
• Because of ram effect, increasing air speed also increases the
pressure of the air & airflow into engine (Wa).
• As turbine powered aircraft begins to move forward for tale
off, air is rammed into the inlet duct and mass flow through
the engine increases.
• The faster the aircraft moves the greater the increase in
thrust. This is shown in the figure Curve A
MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES
Factors Affecting Thrust