Paper 3 Notes

1
 Name and describe three types
of test that can be carried out on
the form [3]

2
 Testing
• Normal – with example [2]

• Abnormal – with example [2]

• Extreme – with example [2]

3
 Evaluate when you would
typically use bar pie charts, bar
charts and line graphs [3]

4
• Pie charts are typically used to compare parts of
whole or fractions of whole [1]

• Bar charts show the difference between things

and are often used when there is more than one
series [1]

• Line graphs are typically used to plot trends over

time [1]
5
 Explain what is meant by data
validation and verification using
examples from the form [3]

6
 Validation/Verification
• Data Validation – about making sure that data is sensible [1]
– Range check – date of birth can not be before today [1]
– Format check – date must be dd/mm/yyyy [1]
– Length check – names must be 2 or more characters [1]

• Data Verification – ensuring that data entered is accurate [1]

– Visually check – look at the data or paper and on screen and
compare them [1]
– Double entry – computer checks that the first entry and the second
entry match [1]

7
Identify two health risks of using
ICT equipment [2]

8
Describe two safety risks associated
with using computer [2]

9
Explain what is meant by e-safety
and give three ways of staying
safe online [3]

10
Create a short presentation
explaining: [3]

1. What is a hacker
2. Effects on security
3. Methods to help remove the risk

11
Create a short presentation
explaining: [3]

1. What is vishing
2. Effects on security
3. Methods to help remove the
risk

12
Create a short presentation explaining: [5]

1. What is pharming
2. Effects on security
3. Methods to help remove the risk
4. Describe two ways of identifying
pharming websites

13
Evaluate the following slide [4]

14
 Slide
• No title, unclear what the slide is about [1]
• Too much text will put people off reading [1]
• Bullet points could be used to break down the
points [1]
• Table could be used to compare the benefits
and drawbacks [1]
• Bold and colour could be used highlight key
words [1]

15
Describe three changes that
would be made to a child
audience [3]

16
Paper 3 Notes

17
Evaluating a website [3]

18
Link

19
 Evaluate website
• Look for:
– Consistency of font styles [1]
– Is the text clearly displayed [1]
– Have images been pixelated when resized (oversized) [1]
– Images not resized to aspect ratio [1]
– Links clearly displayed and working [1]
– Consistent layout of the pages [1]
– Text overflow into the image [1]
– Background picture that make text difficult to read [1]
etc

20
 Describe how you would test
three features of the website [3]

21
 Features
• Think about features you have been asked to add to the
webpage:
– Check hyperlink to page NAME.HTM is functioning [1]
– Images and text clearly displayed [1]
– Hyperlink to anchor #NAME is working [1]
– Hyperlink to email name@cie.co.uk is working [1] and subject
line is displayed [1]
– Hyperlinks from image NAME.JPG opens name.htm [1] and
opens in a new window [1]
– Alternative text is working [1]
– etc

22
Name and describe the three layers
used to create web pages [3]

23
 Three Layers of a web page
• Content Layer [1]– used to manipulate the content of a
web page normally using HTML to add text, images and
tables to a web page [1]

• Presentation Layer [1]– used to manipulate the

appearance of a web page normally using CSS [1]

• Behaviour Layer [1] – normally uses PHP to program

interactivity to a web page such as log in and search
buttons and retrieve and display data [1]

24
Evaluate two methods of resizing
images for the web [2]

25
 Answer
Editing image size in HTML mark up [1]
– Maintains the original size which means it takes longer
to load web pages [1] however maintains original
image quality [2]
Physically resizing original image using image
editing software[1]
– Reduces the file sizes of the image – allows images to
load faster [1]
– Images can appear pixelated if you need to enlarge
them [1]

26
Explain three ways of optimizing
an image for the web [3]

27
Optimizing images for the web means changing the
image to allow it be viewed in a web browser and
load as fast a possible [1]

Ways this can be done:

– Ensure that the image uses a JPEG, PNG and GIF
extensions because these are supported by major
browsers [1]
– Crop the image to reduce file size [1]
– Reduce the image size to reduce file size [1]
– Reduce the resolution to reduce file size [1]

28
Describe how you would add an
animated image into your
webpage [1]

29
• Save the image as an animated GIF [1]
• Place the image into your root folder [1]
• insert the image into your webpage [1]

30
Explain why you would not use an absolute
address when creating a website [3]

31
• An absolute address is a hyperlink reference to a location
on a computer (C:/mydocuments/mywebsite/home.htm [1]

• This would not be suitable because the webpage will only

work on computers with exactly the same file structure [1]

• Instead a relative file structure should be used which only

points to a root folder. [1]

• This means that a website will work on any computer or

host server as long as all files are stored in the root folder.
[1]

32
Explain the difference between
vector and bitmap images [4]

33
 Bitmap Graphics Vector Graphics
Made from: Pixels of different colours Objects
What can be edited: Individual pixels Individual objects
File size Large, computers stores Small, computer stores
details of every pixel details of objects which do
not require memory
What happens when Lose quality Do not lose quality
resized
How real do they look Real Not real – mostly cartoon
like
Native formatted computer .bmp .svg
can read
Common file formats .bmp, GIF, JPEG, PNG .tif,, svg, ods

Web browsers will only display bitmap images

34
Explain what a class is and why
they are useful [3]

35
• A class is a subtype within an element of a
stylesheet [1]
• Classes are normally defines using the . [1]
• Used for changing or adding to styles without
creating a whole new style [1]

36
Explain how you would publish
your website online [5]

37
1. Purchase and register a domain name
(haslab.co.uk) [1]
2. Purchase some space from a web host to put
web page on the WWW [1]
3. Make sure that all files are in the root folder [1]
4. Install FTP client software to upload the files to
web host (Web Expression/Dreamweaver) [1]
5. Log in to host using Username & Password and
FTP port details [1]
6. Upload website folder to the server using FTP
protocol [1]
38
FTP

39
Name and describe two types of
testing that could be done to a
webpage [4]

40
• Functional Testing [1] – involves testing that the
functions of the website such as hyperlinks,
anchors etc. are fully functional [1]

• User Testing [1] – involves asking the user to

test/use the website and recording their
experiences; involves asking them about
suitability of text, colours, simplicity of
navigation etc. [1]
41
Describe the difference between
functional and user testing [6]

42
 Functional Testing
• Functional testing – involves checking that all
page elements appear expected and work as
intended [1]
Examples of functional testing:
• Table structure correct with correct rows, columns and sizes [1]
• Images appear as expected with correct sizes and maintain aspect
ratio [1]
• Do internal hyperlinks work as intended – give an example of
hyperlinks created [1]
• Can pages be found from URL one hosted online [1] i.e. does typing
haslab.co.uk find the home page [1]
• Do links between pages work – give example from the exam is
possible [1]
• Do external hyperlinks open the right pages – give examples where
possible [1]
43
 User Testing
• User testing - involves asking the user to test
the web page however the testing needs to be
planned in advance [1]
The following are examples of user testing:
• What is the purpose of the webpage [1]
• How easy is text to read and understand [1]
• Is there too much or too little information [1]
• What did the user like/dislike about the webpage [1]
• How was the overall quality of the webpage [1]
• What could be done to improve the webpage [1]
• Any other comments or suggestions [1]

44
Describe how would plan user
testing [4]

45
 Preparing a test plan
1. Decide on the tasks that you would like a user to complete [1]
2. Prepare a list of questions you like the users to answer [1]
3. Identify at least 5 test users from the intended audience [1]
4. As they carry out task ask them questions without responding
[1]

Example questions
• What is the purpose of webpage
• Was the purpose clear from beginning
• How easy is text to read and understand
• Is there too much or too little information
• What did you like/dislike about the webpage
• How was the overall quality of the webpage
• What could be done to improve the webpage
• Any other comments or suggestions
46
Using the test plan provided in the evidence
document test at least four functions of the
website [10]

47
 Functional Testing
Test Expected Outcome Actual Outcome Remedial Action
Is logo.gif visible? Yes Yes NA
Is table stylesheet Same as design Yes
attached specification
Hyperlink to anchor Links to top of page No Check anchor exists
top of page and recreate
hyperlink to top of
page
Image logo.jpg size Should be 400 x Is 400px x 420px Open in browser
400px and resize image or
edit from html
mark-up

48
Using the testing table create a test plan
to the IF function (or vlookup etc) [10]

49
 Functional Testing
You maybe asked to test that functions are working properly in
spreadsheets, these could include IF() or LOOKUP() functions
Question
In cell XX add a formula that returns: You are trying to test that
• U if a the mark is less than 60 each of the conditions
work
• C if the mark is between 60 and less that 70
• B if the mark is between 70 and less than 80
• A if the mark is greater than 80
Test Data Expected Outcome Actual Outcome Remedial Action
30 U U NA
65 C C NA
75 B B NA
99 A A NA
-33 Error message U Need to add validation rule
that will not allow values
less than 0
50
Describe three ways to make your
website more accessible by screen
readers to people with visual
disabilities [3]

51
• Use <alt> tags with accurate descriptions for screen
readers to read [1]
• Use highly contrasting colours to make everything clear
[1]
• Make proper use of headings to make page
subheadings to better understand the page layout [1]
• Give links unique and descriptive meanings [1]
• Ensure that text is plain and as simple as possible
making it easier to read when using page magnifiers [1]
• Create several CSS’s and allow the user to choose their
preferred font sizes [1]
52
 Evaluate the difference between
internal (inline) and external styles [4]

53
Inline styles are CSS rules that are embedded in the HTML [1]
– Benefits:
• Allow external styles to be overridden – (reset all h1 to red instead of green
in external stylesheet) [1]
• Easier to follow and understand because the style is defined in the same
HTML page [1]
• Useful for editing page specific content such as h1 in a specific page rather
than site wide h1 [1]
– Drawback:
• Less efficient way of controlling a website because changes must made
across all webpages [1]

External styles are more efficient because they all the website to be
adapted from changing the stylesheet [1]

– This is a more efficient way to manage styles need only be changed once [1]
– Easier to manage the styles because the styles are within a single style sheet
[1]
54
Name a file format that supports
transparent background images
in browsers [1]

55
• PNG or GIF support background transparency
[1]
• JPEG (JPG) does not support background
images [1]

56
Name and describe three ways of
applying styles of a webpage [6]

57
• Inline style [1] – style is defined in the
header of a html page [1]

• External style [1] – linking an external

stylesheet to a html web page [1]

• Internal style [1] – using the tag

attribute to define the style [1]

58
Evaluate the use of GIF, PNG and
JPEG images in a webpage [6]

59
 Gif
• GIF (Graphic interchange format) – Lossless
– only uses 256 colours
– Not recommended for complex photos
– Small file sizes
– Can be used to create simple animations and
transparent colours
– Typical uses:
• Simple animations
• Small icons
• Graphics with lol pixel to pixel variation

60
 Jpeg (jpg)
• Uses 16 bit format – meaning colours can be blended in
millions of different ways
• Normally used to take photos – useful for complex pictures
• Unlike PNG can not preserve transparency
• Lossy image type – meaning that is losses quality when
compressed
• Uses:
– Sill images
– photography
– Images with complex colours and dynamic

61
• PNG 8:
– Uses 256 colours
– Exports smaller file sizes
– No animation option

• PNG 24:
– Allows render images with millions of colours
– Includes transparency option
– Larger file types because its lossless

62
Evaluate an image for a website
[3]

63
 Evaluate
• When asked to evaluate an image always look at
its:
– Physical size 3000x2000px
– File size 9mb (9000kb)
– File type (remember only jpeg, gif and png are accepted
in browsers)

– Be aware that if images are too small (50x75px) it may

unsuitable because it may need to be resized on the
browser and may become pixelated

64
Evaluate the stylesheet [4]

65
 What to look for
• Check that the selectors are actually used in the HTML
• If a <li> is in CSS make check that its also in the HTML
otherwise is will not be needed

• Check for efficiency h1,h2,h3 {text-align: center;} grouped

declarations are more efficient

• Must use American spelling: color and center

• Font names with more than one word must be in quotes: “Times New Roman”

• Colour order should be RRGGBB and be preceded by #0000ff;

66
Tables – watch out for resizing of the
cells
In this exam students must create the
following table

Common mistake
After inserting images the cells resize
and students do not notice

• Make sure that before printing

you carefully check the sizes of
each of the cells

67
 Spreadsheet Tips
• Save the spreadsheet as an excel workbook
• Make sure that you understand the
spreadsheet model before attempting
questions

68
 Functions
• Count() • Round() • Vlookup() –
(make sure you
• Countif() • Roundup() understand true and
false)
• Counta() • Rounddown()
• Lookup()
• Sum()
• Hlookup()
• Sumif() • Left()
• Max() • Right()
• IF()
• Min() • Mid()
• Average()
• Averageif()
69
• Data validation
– Greater than
– Less than
– Lists (must be M or F)

70
 Web authoring tips
• Always set the root folder first

71
 Image editing
• Make sure you can do the following:
– Resize images
– Flip
– Reflect
– Reduce colour levels
– Set to black and white or greyscale
– Reduce resolution

72
73