Copyright

Copyright
© 2011
© 2011
Pearson
Pearson
Education,
Education,
Inc.  Publishing
Inc.  Publishing
as Prentice
as Prentice
Hall Hall
 Chapter 1

Review of Real Numbers

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 1.4

Introduction to Variable Expressions and Equations

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 Exponential notation is used to write repeated
multiplication in a more compact form.

exponent
34
base

The expression 34 is called an exponential expression.

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 Example
Evaluate the following.
a. 26 b. 52 c.
Solution

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 Order of Operations
Simplify expressions using the order below. If grouping symbols
such as parentheses are present, simplify expressions within those
first, starting with the innermost set. If fraction bars are present,
simplify the numerator and the denominator separately.

1. Evaluate exponential expressions

2. Perform multiplication or division in order from left to right.

3. Perform addition or subtraction in order from left to right.

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 Example
Simplify.
a. b.

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 Example
Simplify.

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 Example

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 Definition Example
Variable: A symbol used to Evaluate: 7 + 3z when z = – 3
represent a number.
Algebraic Expression: A
collection of numbers,
variables, operation symbols,
and grouping symbols.
Evaluating an Algebraic
Expression: Finding its
numerical value once we know
the values of the variables.

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 Example
Evaluate each expression when x = 5 and y = -2.
a. 4x – 5y b. -3y2

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 Definition Example
Equation: A mathematical 5x = 10
statement that two expressions 4 + y = 2y – 5
have equal value.

Solving: In an equation Solve the equation for x.

containing a variable, finding x + 2 = 16
which values of the variable make x = 14
the equation a true statement.
Solution: In an equation, a value Is –7 a solution of: a + 23 = –16?
for the variable that makes the
equation a true statement.
–7 is not a solution.

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 Translating Phrases
Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Equality (=)
(+) (–) (·) (¸)
Sum Difference Product Quotient Equals
Plus Minus Times Divide Gives
Added to Subtract Multiply Into Is/was/should
More than Less than Twice Ratio be
Increased Yields
by Decreased Of Divided Amounts to
Total by by Represents
Less

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 Example
Translate each phrase to an algebraic expression.
Use the variable x to represent each unknown
number.
a. 5 decreased by a number

b. The quotient of a number and 12

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 Example
Translate each phrase to an algebraic expression.
Use the variable x to represent each unknown
number.
c. The sum of 4 and twice y

d. x less than the product of y and z

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