W3

Learning Area Mathematics Grade Level Six

Quarter Third Date

I. LESSON TITLE Algebraic Expression and Equation

II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING Gives the translation of real-life verbal expressions and equations into letters or
COMPETENCIES (MELCs) symbols and vice versa MELC 40
Defines a variable in an algebraic expression and equation MELC 41
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT Patterns and Algebra
 Translating Real-Life Verbal Expressions and Equations into Letters
and Symbol and Vice Versa
 Identifying variables in an algebraic expression and equation
Suggested
IV. LEARNING PHASES Learning Activities
Time Frame
A. Introduction If the English subject has word phrases and sentences, Mathematics also
has mathematical phrases and sentences. These are expression and
equation. In order for us to understand and solve a math problem, you
have to translate verbal phrases to mathematical symbol to form
mathematical phrases. A mathematical phrase consists of letters and
operational symbols like +, -, ( ) or x , ÷ or / is called an expression while an
equation is a statement consisting of equal symbol between two
expressions that have the same value. There is/are corresponding word(s)
for these symbols. Aside from operational symbols, it also includes variables
and numbers.

Math word problems cannot be solved unless you translate them into
symbols.

Consider this Problem 1:

Imagine a fare for the first 4km is Php 8.00 and an additional of Php 1.00 for
every kilometer. Richie will go to Laguna from Rizal and the distance from Rizal
to Laguna is 99 km. How much does she need to pay?

If the first 4km is P8.00, we need to find the amount of fare for the remaining
distance to get the amount which Richie needs to pay. The remaining
distance is 95 km. Let y = the fixed amount of P1.00 for every kilometer. To
find the total amount of fare, we will use the expression 95y + 8

If we are to solve the problem:

Evaluate 95y + 8 = 95 (1) + 8 = 103
Therefore, Richie needs to pay P103.00

Problem 2:
Maria and her family donated face masks and face shields in a certain
school. They donated a total of 2400 packs containing face masks and face
shields. If the number of face masks is twice the number of face shields, how
many face masks did they donate?

Let x be the number of face shield

2x be the number of face masks
2400 is the total number.

So, the equation for this problem is:

X + 2x = 2400
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IV. LEARNING PHASES Learning Activities
Time Frame
Translating Word Phrases into Algebraic Expressions

Algebraic expression is a mathematical phrase consisting of letters,

numbers, and operation symbols. To translate word phrases into algebraic
expressions, the important thing to do is to familiarize the words and phrases
associated with symbols or operations.

In the following table, study how the different word phrases can be translated
or written as algebraic expressions:

Example 1: Translate to algebraic expression: Six more than twice a number.

Let a = the number

Therefore, the algebraic expression is 6+ 2a

 Suggested
IV. LEARNING PHASES Learning Activities
Time Frame

Example 2: A number decreased by five is 11. Let n be the number. We have:

n - 5 = 11
The algebraic equation is n – 5 = 11

Example 3: The quotient of fifteen and five subtracted from the product of
fifteen and five

The algebraic expression is (15 x 5) – (15÷5)

If you have an Internet connection, you can watch a video lesson

about translating verbal phrases into mathematical symbols through
this link: https://youtu.be/yCU2-3_x4C0
B. Development
The symbol/letter in an expression that represents one or more numbers is
called variable. Any specific number in an expression is called constant. A
constant is any symbol that does not change in value.

A term is a number or variable, or a product or quotient of a number and

variables raised to a specified power. The terms are separated by plus (+) or
minus (-) sign. It is not necessary to write the + sign at the beginning of a term.
The number beside a variable is called numerical coefficient.

2x + 6
Coefficient Constant
Variable

In this expression:
X is a variable which represents the unknown value.
2 is the numerical coefficient of x
6 is the constant value term which has definite value.
2x + 6 has two terms these are 2x and 6

Example 1: Four times a number increased by five.

4y + 5 in this example
y is the variable
4 is the numerical coefficient of y
5 is the constant
It has two terms (3y and 5)

Example 2: Fifteen subtracted from thrice a number.

The expression is 3x - 15
x is the variable
3 is the numerical coefficient of x
-15 is the constant
It has two terms (3x and -15)

Example 3: Thirty added to the product of six and four. The expression is
30 + 6 x 4. There are no variable and numerical coefficients in this
example. The numbers 30, 6 and 4 are the constants and it has two
terms (30, 6x4)
 Suggested
IV. LEARNING PHASES Learning Activities
Time Frame
Learning Task 1:
A. Translate each of the following into algebraic expressions.
1. One- half x minus 12
2. x diminished by thrice y
3. Twice the sum of x and y
4. The sum of thrice x and y
5. 4 times x decreased by 5

B. Copy the expressions below on a sheet of paper. Encircle the variable/s

and box the constant term in each expression.
1. 2x + 10
2. y – 6
3. 3z + 2
4. 4x – 2y + 5
5. 6 (x + 4)
C. Engagement Learning Task 2: If a represents Arkin’s present age, how would you express
each of the following in terms of variable a?
1. Arkin’s age 5 years ago
2. Thrice Arkin’s age
3. His age after 4 years
4. Two-thirds his present age
5. Twice his age after 3 years

D. Assimilation Learning Task 3: Translate each problem into a mathematical equation.

1. The price of 32’’ LED television is P15,500 less than twice the price of the
old model. If it cost P29, 078.00 to buy a new 32’’ LED television, what is
the price of the old model?

2. The perimeter of the rectangle is 96 when the length of a rectangle is

twice the width. What are the dimensions of the rectangle?
V. ASSESSMENT Learning Task 4: Copy the table below on a sheet of paper, then translate the
following word phrases to algebraic expressions and identify the variables and
constant terms used.

Word Phrase Variable Constant Coefficient Algebraic

Expression
1.twice a
number added
to seven
2. 3 less than x
3. thrice y minus
seven
4. three times a
number plus
sixteen
5.nine
subtracted from
twice a number
VI. REFLECTION  The learners communicate the explanation of their personal
assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
 The learners will write their personal insights about the lesson in their
notebook using the prompts below:
I understand that .
I realize that .
I need to learn more about .

Prepared by: Kathleen B. Hernandez Checked by: Mirza J. Linga