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Visual Interpretation of z()
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Visual Interpretation of z()
Figures 6.6 and 6.7 are both visual interpretations of z ().
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Visual Interpretation of z()
Figure 6.6 depicts z(0.05) (read “z of 0.05”), which is the
algebraic name for z, such that the area to the right and
under the standard normal curve is exactly 0.05.
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Determining Corresponding
z Values for z ()
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Determining Corresponding z Values for z ()
Figure 6.8
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Determining Corresponding z Values for z ()
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Determining Corresponding z Values for z ()
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Determining Corresponding z Values for z ()
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Determining Corresponding z Values for z ()
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Determining Corresponding z Values for z ()
The area in the tail to the left then contains the other 0.05,
as shown in Figure 6.9.
(1) the z-score such that there is a specified area in one tail
of the normal distribution, or
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Determining Corresponding z Values for z ()
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Table 4 and Commonly Used
z Values
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Table 4 and Commonly Used z Values
We already solved two commonly used one-tail situations;
z(0.05) = 1.65 is located so that 0.05 of the area under the
normal distribution curve is in the tail to the right and
z(0.90) = –1.28 is located so that 0.10 of the area under the
normal distribution curve is in the tail to the left.
Table 4A
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Determining z-Scores for
Bounded Areas
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Determining z-Scores for Bounded Areas
z-scores can also be determined for bounded areas of a
normal distribution. For example, we can find the z-scores
that bound the middle 0.95 of the normal distribution. Given
0.95 as the area in the middle (see Figure 6.10), the two
tails must contain a total of 0.05.
Figure 6.10
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Determining z-Scores for Bounded Areas
Therefore, each tail contains of 0.05, or 0.025, as shown
in Figure 6.11.
Figure 6.11
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Determining z-Scores for Bounded Areas
The right tail value, z (0.025), is found using Table 4, Part A,
One-Tailed Situations, as shown previously.
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Determining z-Scores for Bounded Areas
Using Two Tails
You can use two tails to find the area as well. Given 0.95
as the area in the middle (Figure 6.11), the two tails must
contain a total of 0.05.
Figure 6.11
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Determining z-Scores for Bounded Areas
Table 4, Part B, Two-Tailed Situations, can be used when
the combined area of both tails (or the area in the center) is
given.
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Determining z-Scores for Bounded Areas
From Table 4B we find z(0.05/2) = z(0.025) = 1.96.
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