Nutrients and their Functions

Prepared by:
Chiremy Tipdas Pillones
• Energy
– Growth of body tissues
– Production of eggs
– Carrying out vital physical activities
– Maintenance of normal temperature
– Excess energy is stored as fat
– Right proportion of energy to other nutrients
should be observe
Utilization and Distribution of Energy
Consumed by Poultry
 Gross Energy
(feed)

Digestible Energy Fecal Energy

Urinary Energy Metabolizable Energy

Net Energy

Production
Maintenance a. Growth
a. Basal metabolism b. Fat
b. Voluntary activity
c. Heat to keep the body warm c. Eggs
d. energy to keep the body cool d. work
 Energy
• Derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins
• Carbohydrates are the main source of protein
in poultry
• Fats serves as concentrated source of energy
• Excess proteins are also used as source of
energy but is considered as wasteful and
expensive.
 Protein and Amino Acid
• Poultry requires protein as its source of amino
acid for the synthesis of body proteins
• Protein form important structural parts of the
soft tissues of the animal body such as
muscles, connective tissues, skin, nails,
feathers..
Nutritional Classification of Amino Acids
• Essential a.a.- not synthesize in the body
– Phenlyalanine
– Valine
– Threonine
– Methionine
– Arginine
– Tryptophan
– Histidine
– Isoleucine
– Leucine
– Lysine
Nonessential ( Synthesized in the body)
• Alanine
• Aspartic acid
• Asparagine
• Glutamic acid
• Glutamine
• Glycine
• Hydroxyproline
• Serine
• Proline
 Synthesized from other A.A.
• Tyrosine- from phenylalanine
• Cystine- from methionine
• Hydroxylysine- lysine
 Remember:
• Body protein synthesis will occur only if all the
essential amino acids are present in adequate
amounts and in available form. A deficiency of
one or more essential amino acids is
equivalent to protein deficiency.
 Vitamins
• Poultry requires more vitamins because:
– They have no or little benefit from microbial
synthesis of vitamins in the digestive tract
– Vitamins serve as coenzymes (activators) of the
vital metabolic reactions in the animal body
– High caging density causes stress to the chickens
which may increase their vitamin requirements
 Reference
• Lambio, A.L. 2010. Poultry Production in the
Tropics. The University of the Philippines Press