CCNA 200-125

IP addressing:
Content:
• IP address representation
• Types and classes of IPv4 addresses
• IPv6 addressing scheme
• IPv4 addressing scheme (VLSM)
• Migration to IPv6
IPv4 address representation:
Types of IPv4 addresses:
• Private addresses:
• 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255
• Automatic addressing: 169.254.0.0 through 169.254.255.255
• Loopback addressing: 127.0.0.0 through 127.255.255.254
• Special addresses: First and last IP address on the subnet (network
and broadcast address)
• Public addresses
Classes of IPv4 addresses:
• Class A: 1 – 127

• Class B: 128 – 191

• Class C: 192 – 223

• Class D: 224 – 239 (Multicast)

• Class E: 240 – 254 (experimental, undetermined usage)

IPv6
• Why moving to IPv6?

• IP address shortage

• Current IP addresses not efficienly allocated

• New network devices on the rise

• NAT is seen as an hinderence to innovation

• Potential future features: Ipsec everywhere, mobility, simpler header

IPv6 addressing:
• 128 bites (16 Bytes)
• Provides 340.282.366.920.938.463.463.374.607.431.770.000.000…
addresses
• Devides into 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal characters (2 bytes)
• Exple: 2001:0050:0000:0000:0000:0ab4:1e2b:98aa
• Rule n°1: eliminate groups of consecutive zeros
• Exple: 2001:0050::0ab4:1e2b:98aa
• Rule n°2: drop leading zeros
• Exple: 2001:50::ab4:1e2b:98aa
IPv6 addressing:
• Simplified header:
• IPv4 header format:
IPv6 addressing scheme:
• Simplified header:
• IPv6 header format:
IPv6 addressing scheme: On to this one address

On to every member of this group

Types of IPv6 communication:

On to the closest member of this group
IPv6 address scheme: Address types
• Link local: local communications, auto assignment (EUI-64).
• Address pool: FE80::/10

• Unique/ Site local: organization (equivalent of ipv4 private address)

• Unique Global: internet

• 3 highest bites=001 (2000::/3)

Subnet ID

Global prefix
IPv4 address scheme: (VLSM)
Subnetting:
(Optimise performance)
(Security separation)
IPv4 address scheme: (VLSM)
Subnet Mask:
IPv4 address scheme: (VLSM)
VLSM Steps:
•Find segment which have largest number of hosts.

•Find subnet mask for the largest segment (borrow bits from host-ID).

•For second largest segment, take the IP address pool (which is still available) and apply
a different subnet mask to it (depending on the number of hosts).

•Find subnet mask for the second largest segment.

•Repeat this process until the last network.

IPv4 address scheme: (VLSM)
IPv4 address scheme: (VLSM)
VLSM exercice:
Migration of IPv6:
• Dual stack router:
Migration of IPv6:
• 6to4 tunnel:
Migration of IPv6:
• 4to6 tunnel:
Migration of IPv6:
• NAT-PT: