MEASUREMENTS

Measurement
 It is the process or the result of
determining the ratio of physical
quantity such as length, time,
temperature, and others to a unit of
measurement such as the meter,
second, or degree Celsius.
 History of
Measurements
Primitive Ways of Measurement
Man turned first to parts of his body
and his natural surroundings in his
quest for measuring instruments. The
length of a foot, the width of a finger,
and a distance of a step were all
accepted measurements
Name
INCH At first, an inch was the width of a man’s thumb.
SPAN The length of the hand stretched out and its about 9
inches.
FOOT The length of a man’s foot but today it is equivalent to 12
inches.
YARD Originally the length of a man’s belt girdle or the distance from
nose to thumb of his outstretched arm. Today it is 36 inches.
CUBIT Distance from elbow to the fingertips. Today, a cubit is
about 18 inches.
PACE A distance of a one full step. Today is the 2.5 or 2 ½ feet
or 30 inches
INCH SPAN FOOT

YARD CUBIT PACE

Measure and
Measuring
Devices
 INSTRUMENTS USED TO DETERMINE
LINEAR MEASURE
 Linear measurement can be defined as a measure of length.
INSTRUMENT
USED TO
DETERMINE
WEIGHT

 INSTRUMENT
USED TO
MEASURE
TEMPERATURE
INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE LIQUID
OR POWDER
 MEASURE OF LENGTH
 Meter is the basic unit of the length in the metric system. The shortest
length can be measured in millimeters. To measure longer lengths or
distance, meters and kilometers are the commonly used units of
measures.
 mm – millimeter
Examples: cm – centimeter
1. 8.45 m – 845 cm dm – decimeter
m – meter
2. 346.7 mm – 0.3467 m dam – dekameter
3. 103.6 km – 1036 hm hm – hectometer
km - kilometer
4. 103.6 km – 1 036 000 dm
5. 103.6 km – 103 600 000 mm
6. 6053mm – 60.53 dm
7. 6053mm – 0.6053 dam
8. 6053mm – 0.006053 km
MEASURE OF MASS
EXAMPLES: mg – milligrams
1. 67.35 g – 6735 cg
cg – centigrams
dg – decigrams
2. 356.85 mg – 0.35685 g
g– grams
3. 12.656 kg – 126.56 hg
dag – dekagrams
4. 15.64 kg – 156 400 dg
hg – hectograms
5. 1.667 kg – 1 667 000 mg Kg - kilograms
6. 60.53mg – 0.6053 dg
7. 653mg – 0.0653 dag
8. 60.5mg – 0.0000605 kg
Measure of Volume
EXAMPLES:
1. 86.15 L - 8615 cL
2. 34.67 mL – 0.03467 L
3. 1036 kL – 10360 hL
4. 10.36 kL – 103 600 dL
5. 103.6 kL – 10360 daL
6. 65.32mL – 0.6532 dL
7. 60.53mL – 0.006053 daL
8. 605.3mL – 0.0006053 kL
 MEASURE OF AREA
Area is the number of square
units in a plane surface.
Square meter and square
centimeters are the
commonly used units for
areas.
Square kilometers is used for
large surfaces, while square
millimeters is used for a very
small surfaces.
Examples:
1. 1.95 - 19 500 6. 789 - 0.0789
2. 0.25 - 25 7. 78.98 - 0.007898
3. 128.4 - 0.0001284 8. 0.0058 - 5800
4. 308 - 0.0308 9. 0.856 - 85 600 000

5. 0.00009 -0.9 10. 0.358 -3 580 000 000

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
AREA OF SOME
PLANE FIGURES
What is the area of the figure?
The area of a figure is the number of
unit squares that cover the surface
of a closed figure. Area is measured in
square units such as square
centimteres, square feet, square inches,
etc

AREA OF RECTANGLE
The area of a given figure associated
with the number of squares on its
surface. To find the area of rectangle
FAIR, count the number of squares in
the figure. There are 24 squares in the
figure. Therefore, you can say that the
area is 24 square units.
The area of rectangle can be solved by multiplying its
length (L) by its width (W), that is,

A = L xW
Example:
5.4 m
1. 2. 6m
3.2 m 2m

L = 5.4m W = 3.2m L = 6m W = 2m
A=LxW A=LxW
A = 5.4m x 3.2m A = 6m x 2m
A= A=
 AREA OF SQUARE
Square is a rectangle. It has four sides which
are equilateral and equiangular. Since it is
rectangle, you can use the formula for the area
of rectangle, A = L x W. But since the four sides
are equal, then the formula for the area is:

A=
Example:
20 m 2. 23m 3. 26 m
1.

S = 20 m S = 23 m S = 26 m

A= A= A=

A= A= A=

A= A= A=
 AREA OF PARALLELOGRAM
 The base of a parallelogram is equal to the
length of a rectangle, while the altitude of
parallelogram is equal to the width of a
rectangle. If the area of rectangle is L x W, then
the area of parallelogram is :

A=BxH
Example:
1. 2.
5m 4m

14m 11m

B = 14m H = 5m B = 11m H = 4m
A=BxH A=BxH
A = 14 m x 5m A = 11 m x 4m
A= A=
 AREA OF TRIANGLE
 A triangle is a simplest polygon. The area of a
triangular region may be determined by putting
together two congruent triangles to form a
parallelogram
 AREA OF TRIANGLE
If the area of parallelogram is A = B x
H, then the area of triangle is ½ the
area of parallelogram, that is:

A=
Example: 2.
1.

11m 14m

28m
19m

B = 28m H = 11m B = 19mH = 14m

A= A=
A= A=
A= A=
 AREA OF CIRCLE
In the figure, the circle is
divided into 8 congruent
parts. These small parts
when cut off will form
small triangles. When
fitted together, these
triangles will form a
figure that is almost a
true parallelogram.
 AREA OF CIRCLE
 The circumference of a circle is C = , and the area of
parallelogram is A = B x H. We can now derived the formula
for the area of circle
 Since the area of parallelogram is
A = BxH, the you can say that A = because B= and H = r
But C = 2therefore A =
Simplify the equation you have the area of the circle
A=
Example:
1.
2.

8cm 14cm

D =14cm r = =
A=
r = 7cm
A = (3.14)
A=
A = (3.14)
A = (3.14)
A = 200.96
A = (3.14)
A = 153.86
Trapezoid 4m

6m

A = (a + b) h 7m
= ( 4m + 7m) x 6m
= (11m) x 6m
= (66)
= 33
Example 1
A1 = L x W
9cm x 4 cm
36
A2 = L x W
6cm x 2 cm
12

At = A1 + A2
36 + 12
48
Example 2 A1 = Lx W
= 5yd x 3yd
= 15
A2 = L x W
= 4yd x 3 yd
= 12
A3 = L x W
= 6yd x 2yd
= 12

At = A1 + A2 + A3
= 15 + 12 + 12
= 39
 A1 =

Example 3 =
= 111.2
A2 = (a + b) h
= (33cm + 42cm) x 16cm
= (75cm)(16cm)
= (1200)
= 600

A3 = B x H
= 42cm x 10cm
= 420

At = A1 + A2 + A3
= 111.2 + 600 + 420
= 1131.2
Example :
Examples: