STEEL DESIGN

104
Steel Connections - Bolted or Riveted Connections

Ronel E. Romero, RCE, MCE

Instructor
President Ramon Magsaysay State University
Introduction
Connections of structural steel members are of critical importance.
An inadequate connection, which can be the “weak link” in a
structure, has been the cause of numerous failures.

Failure of structural members is rare; most structural failures are the

result of poorly designed or detailed connections.

Modern steel structures are connected by welding , rivets or bolting

(either high-strength or “common” bolts) or by a combination of
both.
Types of Connection
Bolted Connections
Types of Connection
Possible modes of failure on Bolted Connections
Gross and Net Area
Gross Area
Gross and Net Area
Net Area
Gross and Net Area
Net Area
Gross and Net Area
Net Area
 Example 2

Solution
Rivet diameter = 16mm
Hole = 16 + 1.6 = 17.6 mm
Ft = 0.60Fy = 0.6(248) = 148.8 MPa
Ag = 200(10) = 2000 mm2
P = Ft x Ag = 148.8(2000)
P = 297,600 N = 297.6 KN
Tension on gross area
 Example 2

Solution
Rivet diameter = 16mm
Hole = 16 + 1.6 = 17.6 mm
Ft = 0.50Fu = 0.5(400) = 200 MPa
Ae = [200-2(17.6)] (10) = 1648 mm2
85% Ag = 0.85(2000) = 1,700 mm2
P = Ft Ae = 200(1648)

Tension on net area P = 329, 600 N = 329.6 kN

 Example 2

Solution
Rivet diameter = 16mm
Hole = 16 + 1.6 = 17.6 mm
Fp = 1.20Fu = 1.2(400) = 480 MPa
Ap = Σdt = [16(10)](4) = 640 mm2
P = Fp x Ap = 480(640) mm2
P = 307, 200 N = 307.2 kN
Bearing on projected area
 Example 2

Solution
Rivet diameter = 16mm
Hole = 16 + 1.6 = 17.6 mm
Fv = 152 Mpa
Av = 4 x (16) 2 = 804.25mm2
P = Fv x Av =152(804.25)
P = 122,246 N = 122.246 kN
Shear on rivets
 Example 2

Solution
Rivet diameter = 16mm
P = FvAv + FtAt
Hole = 16 + 1.6 = 17.6 mm
Fv = 120 MPa
Av = 2 Abc = 2{[135-1.5(17.6)(10)} = 2,172mm2
Ft = 0.5 Fu = 0.5(400) = 200 Mpa
At = 2 Aab = 2{[50-0.5(17.6)]x10} = 824mm2
P = 120(2172) + 200(824) = 425,440 N
Shear Rapture (Block shear)
= 425.44 kN
 Example 2

Solution
P = 297,600 N = 297.6 KN
Rivet diameter = 16mm P = 329, 600 N = 329.6 kN
Hole = 16 + 1.6 = 17.6 mm P = 307, 200 N = 307.2 kN
P = 122,246 N = 122.246 kN
P = 425,440 N = 425.44 kN
Shear on rivets
governs!
Example 1
Staggered Holes

𝑠2
𝑊𝑛=𝑊𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − ∑ 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠+ ∑
4𝑔
𝑠2
𝐴𝑛= 𝐴𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − ∑ 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑥 𝑡+ ∑ 𝑡
4𝑔

𝐹𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 2 − 4
Staggered Holes

𝑠2
𝑊𝑛=𝑊𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − ∑ 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠+ ∑
4𝑔
𝑠2
𝐴𝑛= 𝐴𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − ∑ 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑥 𝑡+ ∑ 𝑡
4𝑔

𝐹𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 2 − 4
Refresher Example

Solution A36; Fv=248MPa

Fu = 400 Mpa
Fv = 120 Mpa (Refer to Table 2-1,
Allow. Stress for fasteners)
Single Shear
Fv = 120 MPa
Av = (19) 2 x 9 = 2,552 mm2
P=
P=
P = 306,240 N = 306.24 KN
Shear on rivets
Refresher Example

Solution A36; Fv=248MPa

Fu = 400 Mpa
Fv = 120 Mpa (Refer to Table 2-1,
Allow. Stress for fasteners)

Fp = 1.2Fu
Fp = 1.2(400) = 480 MPa
Ap =
P = ApFp =
P = 656,640 N = 656.64 KN
Bearing on projected area
Refresher Example

Solution A36; Fv=248MPa

Fu = 400 Mpa
Fv = 120 Mpa (Refer to Table 2-1,
Allow. Stress for fasteners)

Ft = 0.60Fy
Ft = 0.6(248) = 148.8 MPa
Ag =
P = AgFt =
P = 297,600 N = 297.6 KN
Tension on gross area
Load Transfer on Bolts
Refresher Example

Solution A36; Fv=248MPa

Fu = 400 Mpa
Fv = 120 Mpa (Refer to Table 2-1,
Allow. Stress for fasteners)

Ft = 0.50Fu = 0.5(400) = 200 MPa

Hole = 19 + 1.6 = 20.6 mm
85% Ag = 1,700 mm2
Along first row:
An = (250-20.6)(8) Use An = 1,700 mm2
An = 1,835.2 mm2
A’n = 1,700 mm2
Tension on net area
Refresher Example

Solution A36; Fv=248MPa

Fu = 400 Mpa
Fv = 120 Mpa (Refer to Table 2-1,
Allow. Stress for fasteners)

Ft = 0.50Fu = 0.5(400) = 200 MPa

Hole = 19 + 1.6 = 20.6 mm
85% Ag = 1,700 mm2
A’n =
Along second row:
An = (250 - (2x20.6))(8)
An = 1,670.42 mm2 A’n = = 1879.2 mm2
Tension on net area
Refresher Example

Solution A36; Fv=248MPa

Fu = 400 Mpa
Fv = 120 Mpa (Refer to Table 2-1,
Allow. Stress for fasteners)
Use A’n = mm2
Ft = 0.50Fu = 0.5(400) = 200 MPa P = Ft A’n = (200)
Hole = 19 + 1.6 = 20.6 mm
P = 200(1,700)
85% Ag = 1,700 mm2
A’n = P = 340, 000 N = 340 kN
Along third row:
An = (250 - (3x20.6))(8)
An = 1,505.6 mm2 A’n = = 2258.4 mm2
Tension on net area
SAFE LOAD P = 297.6 KN