Bachelor of Architecture Subject Name: CLIMATOLOGY Subject Code: ART-226

UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE
ARCHITECTURE
Bachelor of Architecture
Subject Name: CLIMATOLOGY
Subject Code: ART-226
Lecture by: Ar. SUKHMANJIT SINGH
B. ARCH., MS CPM
Teaching Experience- 10 years
Research papers-08
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANT TERMS DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
CLIMATOLOG
Y
Course Outcome
CO Title Level
Number
CO1 The students shall learn about importance of Understan
different climatic zones in designing shelters. d

CO2 The students shall understand the process of Understan
heat exchange between built environment and d
nature

and various environmental factors.
CO3 The students will be able to implement their Understan
knowledge in their design concepts d
https://creamontblanc.org/en/climate-change-and-its-impacts-alps
2
Lecture Objectives
• Introduction to climate & architecture.
• The student shall learn about basic principles of climatic factors.
• The student will understand the concept of climatic conditions to put into their designs.
To achieve the above objectives we need to understand the following:
• Why are we learning about climate?

• What would we do with it, we are architects?
• What is the relationship between climate and architecture built environment?
What do you understand by climate ?
•Climate is the statistics (usually, mean or variability) of weather, usually over a 30-year interval.
•It is measured by assessing the patterns of variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation,
atmospheric particle count and other meteorological variables in a given region over long periods of time.
•The climate of a location is affected by its latitude, terrain, and altitude, as well as nearby water bodies and their currents.
•Climates can be classified according to the average and the typical ranges of different variables, most commonly temperature and
precipitation.
Climate differs from weather, in that weather only describes the
short-term conditions of these variables in a given region.
•Key difference between the two terms: time.
•Weather describes atmospheric conditions over a short period of time (minutes to weeks),
•While climate describes atmospheric conditions over a long period of time (years to centuries).
•Climate is a reflection of average weather over time and space.

CLIMATOLOGY
Study of climatology is a study of energy

conservation and design to create comfortable shelters
with respect to climate.
Architectural Climatology
• Architecture is about art and technology
• We as architects design all the services for the built environment.
• So we need to design keeping in mind of the climatic conditions of the area so that we can protect ourselves from the adverse affect of the climatic elements.
• We also need to keep in mind about the human comfort zone.
What is the reason behind these Climatic changes ?
Anthropogenic Natural
• Chemical fertilizers • Sunspot and solar cycle
• Deforestation • Ocean currents
• Increase in no. of Vehicles • Forest fire
• Emissions of GHG • Volcanic Eruptions
• Industries • Meteorites
• Emission of Carbon Dioxide • Methane emissions from animals
• Use of plastics
• Wastage of paper
6
Why should we get concern about the climatic conditions ?
• Weather has been more chaotic and extreme (hurricanes, droughts, floods)
• Glaciers are shrinking
• Animals moving to cooler places
• Global temperature has increased by 0.74oC
• Oxygen depletion
• Acidification of ocean
• Extinction of species
7
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
AGRICULTURE WATER RESOURCES FORESTS
•Changes in forest composition and locations
•Shift in food growing areas •Change in water supply Disappearance of some forests
Changes in crop yields Decreases water quality Increased fires from drying
High irrigation demand Increased drought Loss of wildlife habitat and species
Increased pest, crop diseases & weeds in Increased flooding
warm areas
BIODIVERSITY SEA LEVEL
•Extinction of some plant and animal species •Rising sea levels

Loss of habitat Flooding of low lying islands and coastal cities
Disruption of aquatic life
WEATHER EXTREMES HUMAN POPULATION HUMAN HEALTH

•Increased death from heat and diseases
•Prolonged heat waves and drought •Increased deaths Disruption of food & water supplies
Increased flooding More environmental refugees Spread of tropical disease to temperate areas
More intense hurricanes, typhoons, Increased migration Increased respiratory diseases
tornadoes & violent storms Increased water pollution from coastal flooding
Examples of factors that influence regional weather and climate on Earth
https://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/appendices/climate-science-supplement
“Climate Change”, “Global Warming” or “The Greenhouse
Effect”?
•Global warming and climate change refer to an increase in average global temperature.
•Natural events and human activities are believed to be contributing to an increase in

average global temperatures.
•Global Warming is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to effect of greenhouse
gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap
heat that would otherwise escape from Earth.
•Factors such as precipitation and evaporation are also changing, and changes in one region often
affect climatic patterns elsewhere in the world.
•The term "Greenhouse Effect" compares the insulating properties of Earth's atmosphere to a
greenhouse. While this can be a helpful model, Earth's atmosphere is much more complex than a
http://css.umich.edu/factsheets/climate-change-science-and-impacts-factsheet
There is more to Climate change than hot weather
http://css.umich.edu/factsheets/climate-change-science-and-impacts-factsheet
Nature itself created buffer zones such as forests, barrier beaches and wetlands so as to reduce the impact
of the natural disasters such as forest fires, floods and storms which are now being depleting.
By degrading forests, engineering rivers, filling in wetlands, and destabilizing the climate, we are
unraveling the strands of a complex ecological safety net.
The projected effects of global warming, such as more extreme weather events and sea level rise, will only
magnify potential losses.
Impacts of Climate Change
Impacts of Climate Change
Plants and Animals Public Health Agricultural Changes/ Food
Security
Impacts on Society
Impacts on Society
Extreme weather events
https://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/appendices
https://www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/effects/default.htm
For coastal communities
For coastal communities
Extreme heat, Sea level rise and Heavy downpours are affecting infrastructure like roads, rail lines, airports, port
facilities, energy infrastructure, and military bases.
Assessment Pattern
Impact for this climatic change
Positive impacts
• For example, current benefits of warming include longer growing seasons for agriculture and
longer ice-free seasons for shipping on the Great Lakes.
Negative impacts
• At the same time, however, longer growing seasons, along with higher temperatures and high
carbon dioxide levels, can increase pollen production, intensifying and lengthening the allergy
season.
28
Applications
• The student will understand the importance of climatic features

• The outcome will reflect in their design subject.
• The student will able to understand & make the layout in their designing
• It will motivate the student and help them during construction of any building.
29
REFERENCES
• Manual of Tropical Housing & Building: Climate Ddesign. O H Koenigsberger & T G Ingersoll
• Tropical Architecture by CP Kukreja
• Housing, Climate & Comfort by Martin Evans
• www.encyclopedia.com
• www.indianclimates.com
• www.google.com
30
THANK YOU
For queries
Email: sukhmanjitaulakh.arch@cumail.in

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UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE

• Why are we learning about climate?

What do you understand by climate ?

•Key difference between the two terms: time.

•Climate is a reflection of average weather over time and space.

Study of climatology is a study of energy

BIODIVERSITY SEA LEVEL

•Extinction of some plant and animal species •Rising sea levels

WEATHER EXTREMES HUMAN POPULATION HUMAN HEALTH

•Global warming and climate change refer to an increase in average global temperature.

•Natural events and human activities are believed to be contributing to an increase in

Impact for this climatic change

• The student will understand the importance of climatic features

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