Exp (2)

Freely Falling Objects

 1-Objectives

 To identify falling objects.

 Measuring the acceleration due to gravity of a

freely falling object.

 To generate and analyze graphs by using Excel.

 2-Historical Background

 The Italian scientist Galileo Galilei

formulated the laws that govern the
motion of falling objects.

 He was trying to prove that earth's

gravity exerts the same acceleration on
all objects regardless of their masses. 1564 - 1642
 2-Historical Background

 In 1589 Galileo said that all things fall at the

same rate.

If there is no air resistance

 His experiment consisted of dropping a

large and a small balls from the top a tower
and observing that they reached ground at
the same time.
 2-Historical Background
 If you drop a rock & a feather at the same time in air and in

vacuum. What will happen?

 3-Definition of free fall motion
 Free fall is the motion of an object under the influence of only gravity.

 The increasing distances between the images of

the ball show that the velocity is continuously
increasing.

 The ball is accelerating downward.

 The acceleration due to gravity at the earth’s surface is denoted by the
symbol g, approximately 9.8 m/s2
 4- Used Formulas

 Object at rest

𝒙(𝒕)=𝒙 𝟎 𝒗(𝒕)=𝟎 𝒂(𝒕)=𝟎 𝒗=

𝟎

𝒂=
𝒗=𝟎
 Motion with constant velocity

𝒙(𝒕)=𝒙 𝟎+𝒗𝒕 𝒗 (𝒕)=𝒗 𝟎 𝒂(𝒕)=𝟎

𝟎
𝟏𝟏𝟐 𝟐

𝒂=𝟎
 Motion with constant acceleration

𝒙(𝒕)=𝒙
∆ 𝒙=𝒗𝟎+𝒗 𝟎 𝒕+𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒕
𝟎 𝒕+
𝟐𝟐 𝒂 (𝒕 )=𝒂𝟎
 4- Used Formulas

 Determination of the acceleration

𝟏 𝟐
∆ 𝒚 =𝒗 𝟎 𝒕+ 𝒂𝒕
𝟐
𝟏 ∆𝒚
∆ 𝒚 =𝒗 𝟎 𝒕+ 𝒈𝒕 𝟐
𝟐 𝒕

𝒕
 This equation represent a straight line where represent the
slope
 5-Equipment needed
Steel ball
Holding magnet

 Holding Magnet

 Digital timer Ruler

Contact plate
 Metal ball
Counter

 Contact Plate

 Meter rod
 6-Experimental procedure
1) Set the operating mode of the counter to t E  F by pressing the MODE
key.
2) Press the START key so the associated LED shines.
3) Set a falling distance between the ball and the contact plate according to
the following table.
4) Press the key of the holding magnet adapter quickly to start the free fall of
the ball.
5) When the ball hits the contact plate, read the falling time and repeat the
measurement two more times.
 6-Experimental procedure

Time t
( tav
t1 t2 t3

20
30
40
50
60
 6-Experimental procedure

tav ( ()
20
30
40
50
60
 6-Experimental procedure

∆𝒚
𝒕 𝒂𝒗
𝒈=𝟐∗ 𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆

𝒕 𝒂𝒗
 7-How to draw a linear fit graph

 Plot data

 Fit data linearly and get slope, intercept and R square.

 Get slope, intercept, error of slope, error of intercept using linest.

 Inserting the error bars.

 scatter with
only markers

Graph
 Layout 1

The titles
(chart , Y axis and
X axis )
Press ctrl+shift+enter.
Error Bars
Error Bars
Error Bars
Error Bars
Thank
you