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Outline
• Auto-zeroing techniques
• Comparators using hysteresis
Input Offset Voltage:
• Ideally, when the I/P terminals of the DA are connected together, the O/P
voltage is at a desired quiescent point.
• In real DAs, the O/P offset voltage is the difference between the actual O/P
voltage & the ideal O/P voltage when the I/P terminals are connected
together.
• If this offset voltage is divided by the differential voltage gain of the DA, then
it is called the I/P offset voltage (VOS). For CMOS DA, VOS is typically is 5-
20mV.