CHAPTER 4 -B

Stages of Counselling
Mental Status Examination
Counseling Methods
What are the stages of Counseling?
The Counseling Process
1 Stage : Relationship building
st
 Relationship Building

• The first step involves building a relationship and focuses on engaging

clients to explore issues directly to them.
2 ND
STAGE: In Depth Exploration /
Problem assessment
 In Depth Exploration / Problem assessment

• This step involves the collection and classification of information about the
client’s life situation and reasons for seeking counseling.
• Assessment based on theoretical and philosophical view of human problems
3RD Stage : Commitment to action –
Goal Setting
 Goal Setting

• It is a cooperative process in which trained professionals help a person called

the client to identify sources of difficulties or concerns that the client is
experiencing.
4 Stage: Counselling
th

Intervention
 Counselling Intervention

• This stage of counseling is an operational phase where the counselee is

suggested the best possible options for management of the present
problem. The intervention will depend on the approach used by the
counselor; the problem and the individual.
5 Stage: Evaluation,
th

Termination, Referral
Evaluation, Termination, Referral

• For the beginning counselor, it is difficult to think of terminating the

counseling process. As they are more concerned beginning the process,
however all counseling aims towards a successful termination.
Mental Status Examination
(MSE)
 What it is a Mental Status Exam?

• The Mental Status Exam (MSE) is the psychological equivalent of a physical

exam that describes the mental state and behaviors of the person being
seen. It includes both objective observations of the clinician and subjective
descriptions given by the patient.
 Why is it so Important?

• The MSE provides information for diagnosis and assessment of disorder and
response to treatment.
• If another provider sees your patient it allows them to determine if the
patients status has changed without previously seeing the patient
 Components of a MSE

• Appearance • Cognition
• Behavior • Insight/Judgment
• Speech
• Mood
• Affect
• Thought process
• Thought content
Counseling Methods
 Interpersonal Counseling

• Interpersonal counseling is a diagnosis-focused approach in which the

client’s disorder is regarded as a medical illness that requires intervention
(Markowitz & Weissman, 2004).
 Humanistic/Client-Centered Counseling

• Client-centered Therapy promotes a safe climate in which the therapist is

both empathetic and nonjudgmental. In this way, the client experiences a
sense of acceptance, openness, and unconditional positive regard.
 Psychodynamic Counseling

• Psychodynamic counseling is probably the most well-known counseling

approach.
• The goal is to aid clients in developing the psychological tools needed to
deal with complicated feelings and situations.
 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is grounded in the assumption that

“emotional disorders are maintained by cognitive factors, and that
psychological treatment leads to changes in these factors through cognitive
and behavioral techniques” (Hofmann & Smits, 2008, p. 621).
 Existential Therapy

• Existential Therapy does not attempt to cure a person or diminish specific

symptoms, but rather, it seeks to explore and question aspects of the
human predicament (Corbett & Milton, 2011). The client is viewed as ever-
changing and always in the process of becoming (Dryden, 2007).
 Reality Therapy

• Reality Therapy helps clients to establish greater control over their lives
while enhancing the ability to build meaningful and effective relationships. It
is a present-day, non-symptom-focused approach in which the counselor
takes on a friendly, positive, and nonjudgmental stance.
 Narrative Therapy

• Narrative therapy enables individuals to become experts in their own lives.

Each of us has a story we tell ourselves about who we are as a person.
Because we derive meaning from our stories, they shape and influence how
we perceive and respond to the world around us.
 Systemic Therapy

• Systemic Therapy underscores the influence of how patterns across systems

(e.g., family, school, and employment) influence behaviors and
psychological issues. A systemic approach, therefore, does not aim to treat
a problem, so much as the system underlying it (Carlson & Lambie, 2012).
 Creative Therapy

• Creative Therapy involves the use of different art mediums aimed at

improving mood and other aspects of wellbeing.
 Mindfulness-based Counseling

• Mindfulness-based Counseling is grounded in mindfulness philosophy which

“refers to a process that leads to a mental state characterized by
nonjudgmental awareness of the present moment experience, including one’s
sensations, thoughts, bodily states, consciousness, and the environment
while encouraging openness, curiosity, and acceptance” (Hofmann, Sawyer, &
Witt et al., 2010, p. 169).
 Rational Emotive Therapy

• The therapist works with the client to examine his/her cognitive appraisals
of how an event may have created an outcome (Gonzalez, Nelson, Gutkin,
et al., 2004). In other words, it is the client’s belief about a situation—rather
than the situation itself, that is the focus of treatment.
Thank you for listening!
 Members :

Mholly Rosatase
Melona Michelle Ubas
Judah Bayalas
Argyle Joseph M. Lauronilla
Jolina Inoc
Roselyn Añano
Ashley Nicole Estaño
Hannah Mansubre
Mary Grace Racho
12 HUMSS 4A