Lecture 4

Lattice Positions, Directions,

Planes
CENG 1500

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 Lattice positions

• Fractions or multiples of
unit-cell dimensions: xa yb zc
• A given lattice position in a
given unit cell is equivalent
to the same position in any
1xb 131 other unit cell.
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• Lattice translations
( 12 12 12 and 12 32 12are the same)

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Lattice directions

• Sets of integers – smallest

integer position intercepted
by the line from the origin of
the crystallographic axes. [ ]
• Family of directions –
structurally identical < >

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Lattice angle between two directions

• Dot product of two vectors:

D•D’ = |D||D’|cosδ
[uvw]
D•D’ = = uu’ + vv’ + ww’
D = ua + vb + wc |D|=
|D’| =
[u’v’w’] Cosδ = uu’ + vv’ + ww’/
D’ = u’a + v’b + w’c

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 Linear density
• Inverse of the repeat distance, r between
adjacent atoms in a given direction
r
• The centers of the atoms must lie directly r
on the direction line

Example: linear density of atoms along [111]

direction in bcc and fcc structures. Assume 2ra
that atomic radius = 0.14 nm. 4ra

Bcc: 3.57 atoms/nm BCC FCC

Fcc: 1.46 atoms/nm
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 Lattice planes
• Miller indices: inverse of axial intercepts (hkl)
Example a b c
• Family of planes {hkl}: structurally equivalent
1. Intercepts 1 1  planes
2. Reciprocals 1/1 1/1 1/ • {100} = (100), (00), (010), (0), (001), ()
1 1 0 z
3. Reduction 1 1 0
c
4. Miller Indices (110)
What if the plane
crosses the origin
y point?
a b - Make a parallel
x plane

• {110} = (110),(10), (10), (0), (101), (), (10 ), (), (011), (1),
(01), (0) 6
 Hexagonal system
z
Example a1 a2 a3 c
1. Intercepts 1  -1 1
2. Reciprocals 1 1/ -1 1
1 0 -1 1
3. Reduction 1 0 -1 1
a2

4. Miller-Bravais Indices (1011)

a3

Miller-Bravais indices (hkil): -i = h + k a1

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 Planar Density
• The number of atoms per area of the given
plane – only the atoms centered on the plane.

BCC
Example: Planar density of atoms in
the (111) planes in bcc and fcc
structures. Assume that atomic
radius = 0.14 nm.

Bcc: 5.56 atoms/nm2

Fcc: 14.7 atoms/nm2
Area of the plane: S = ½ xy = ½ x sin 60˚ = (R)2 = 0.09 nm2

Number of atoms: 3 atoms x 1/6 = 0.5 atoms

Density: 0.5 atoms / 0.09 nm2 = 5.56 atoms/ nm2
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 Summary
• Understand the concept of lattice position, direction
• Know how to derive the miller indices of planes
• Known How to calculate the linear and planar densities

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 HW#2
• Problem 3.12 (Assuming atomic radius of U4+ = 0.105 nm, O2- = 0.132
nm)
• Problem 3.27

Due on February 24, 2021

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