RGUKT

RKV Review of last class

 HCP-Characterization

 Atom positions in unit cell

 Miller indices Directions in unit cells

 Miller Indices family direction

 Linear Density (or) Linear atomic density

 Angle between two directions

Dr. RAMESH G / Assistant Professor / Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

Miller indices for planes

-x

-y O y

x
-z
Miller indices for planes

2/l

-2/k
2/h
Miller indices for planes 1. Determine the intersection of
the plane with the axes

Intercepts 2/h, -2/k, 2/l

2/l 2. Take the reciprocal
h/2, -k/2, l/2

3. Convert fraction to integer, if any

-2/k
h, -k, l
2/h
4. Mention –ve sign, if any by a bar
over the number h,k, l

5. Indicate the plane by parenthesis

without any comma
(h k l)
Miller indices for planes
Important Notes

z
 1. If the plane passes through
the origin, select an equivalent
-x plane or move the origin

-y O y

 If a plane is parallel to any

x axis, its fractional intercept is
taken as “∞”
-z
Miller indices for planes

(111)
Miller indices for planes

(110)
Miller indices for planes

(632)
Miller indices for planes

(1 1 0)
Miller indices for planes

(1 1 0)
Determine the Miller indices of the cubic crystallographic plane
shown
Determine the Miller indices of the cubic crystallographic plane
shown

First, transpose the plane parallel to the z axis 1/4 unit to the right
along the y axis so that the plane intersects the x axis at a unit
distance from the new origin located at the lower-right back corner
of the cube. Ans (5 12 0)
Determine the Miller indices of the cubic crystallographic plane
shown

A (3 2 2) B (1 0 1)
Miller indices for planes

(010)
Miller indices for planes

(020)
Draw the directions [010], [020] and planes (010) and (020) in FCC

Number atoms in (010) is 2 while in (020) is 0

 no of atoms on a plane
Planar Density p 
Area of plane
Calculate the planar atomic density ρp on the (110) plane of the α
iron BCC lattice in atoms per square millimeter. The lattice
constant of α iron is 0.287 nm.

2 13 atoms
p   1.72  10
a xa 2 mm2
Family of planes Equivalent Planes

(100), (010), (001),(100), (010), (001) {100}

(110), (101), (011), (110), (110), (101), (101), (011), (011)

{110}
(110), (101), (011)

(111), (111), (111), (111) , (111), (111), (111), (111) {111}

 spacing between two closest parallel
Interplanar spacing (dhkl)
planes with the same Miller indices

d
 spacing between two closest parallel
Interplanar spacing (dhkl)
planes with the same Miller indices

2 2 2
1 h k l
2
 2 2 2
d hkl a b c

a
d cubic lattice
hkl 
h2  k 2  l 2
Where
dhkl = interplanar spacing between planes with Miller indices h, k, l
a = lattice constant (edge of the cube)
h, k, l = Miller indices of cubic planes being considered
Copper has an FCC crystal structure and a unit cell with a lattice
constant of 0.361 nm. What is its interplanar spacing d220?

Ans: 0.361 nm

For cubic crystals, as values of the planar indices h, k, and l

increase, does the distance between adjacent and parallel planes
(i.e., the interplanar spacing) increase or decrease?

Ans: Decreases
Angle between two planes

hh + k k + ll 
cos  =
( h2 + k 2 + l 2 ) ( h 2 + k  2 + l  2 )
Determine the angle between two planes (PSR) and (PQR)

(PSR): (111)
(PQR): (212)

ϴ=15.8˚
Relationship between direction and plane

Draw (111) and [111] in cubic unit cell

In the cubic system planes and directions having same indices are perpendicular to
each other i.e. if [uvw] direction is perpendicular to (hkl) plane then h = u, k = v and
l=w
{hkl} planes and <hkl> directions are perpendicular to each other

Draw (111) and [1 1 0 ] in cubic unit cell and determinehu + kv + lw

If the direction [uvw] lies in the plane (hkl) then hu + kv + lw = 0

Hexagonal crystals → Miller-Bravais Indices Plane
Hexagonal crystals → Miller-Bravais Indices Plane
four-digit hexagonal indices based on a coordinate system with
four axes

Related to ‘l’ index

Related to ‘k’ index

Related to ‘i’ index

Related to ‘h’ index

There are three basal axes, a1, a2, and a3, which make 120◦ with each
other. The fourth axis or c axis is the vertical axis located at the center
of the unit cell
Hexagonal crystals → Miller-Bravais Indices Plane

a3

a2

a1
Intercepts → 1 1 - ½  (h k i l)
Plane → (1 12 0) i = (h + k)
Hexagonal crystals → Miller-Bravais Indices Plane
a3

a2

a1
Intercepts → 1 -1   Intercepts →  1 -1 
Miller-Bravais → (1 1 0 0 ) Miller-Bravais → (0 11 0)
Hexagonal crystals → Miller-Bravais Indices Plane

Intercepts → 1 1 - ½ 
Plane → (1 12 0)

Intercepts → ½, -1 -1 
a3
Plane → (2 11 0 )

a2

a1
Hexagonal crystals → Miller-Bravais Indices Plane

Intercepts → 1 1 - ½ 1
Plane → (1 12 1)
Hexagonal crystals → Miller-Bravais Indices Plane

Intercepts → 1   1 1
Plane → (1 01 1)