Mobile Ad Hoc Network

P R E S E N TAT I O N E I G H T

Section B

Group 5
Name ID
1. Dawit Esubalew 1372
2. Melese Abebe 1389
3. Yimegnu Yishak 1407
4. Adugna Adane 1359
5. Yibeltal Getasew 1466
6. Amanuel Worku 1364
MANET in computer network
• It stands for Mobile adhoc Network also called adhoc wireless network.
• They consist of a set of mobile nodes connected wirelessly in a self-configured, self-healing
network without having a fixed infrastructure.
• MANET nodes are free to move randomly as the network topology changes frequently.
• Each node behaves as a router as they forward traffic to other specified nodes in the network. 
• MANET may operate a standalone fashion or they can be part of larger internet
• The main challenge for the MANET is to equip each device to continuously maintain the
information required to properly route traffic.
• MANETs consist of a peer-to-peer network
• It communicate at radio frequencies (30MHz-5GHz).
Cont..
• MANET may operate a standalone fashion or they
can be part of larger internet. They form a highly
dynamic autonomous topology with the presence
of one or multiple different transceivers between
nodes.
• The main challenge for the MANET is to equip
each device to continuously maintain the
information required to properly route traffic. 
Types of MANET
Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANETs) :Enable effective communication with another vehicle or
with the roadside equipment.
 Intelligent
vehicular ad hoc networks(InVANETs) deals with another vehicle or with the roadside
equipment.
Smart Phone Ad hoc Network (SPANC) : To create peer-to-peer network without relying on
cellular carrier networks, wireless access points or traditional network infrastructure.
Internet
based Mobile Ad hoc Network (iMANETs) : It supports internet protocols such as
TCP/UDP and IP. To link mobile nodes and establish routes distributed and automatically.
Hub-Spoke MANET: Multiple sub MANET’s may be connected in hub-spoke VPN to create a
geographically distributed MANET. Normal Ad-hoc routing algorithm does not apply directly.
Cont..
Military or Tactical MANETs : This is used by the military units.
 Emphasis on data rate, real time demand, fast re-routing during mobility, security, radio
range, etc.
Flying Adhoc Network (FANETs) : This is composed of unmanned aerial vehicle
(commonly known as drone).
 Provides links to remote areas and mobility.
 Applications of MANET
• Military field: Ad-Hoc networking can permit army to exploit benefit of conventional network
expertise for preserving any info network among vehicles, armed forces, and headquarters of
information.
• Cooperative work: People want getting outside meetings for exchanging the information plus
cooperating with each other regarding any assigned task.
• Confined level: Ad-Hoc networks are able to freely associate with immediate, in addition
momentary hypermedia network by means of laptop computers for sharing the info with all the
contestants’.
• PAN and Bluetooth: A PAN is localized and tiny range network whose devices are generally
belong to a specified individual. Limited-range MANET such as Bluetooth can make simpler the
exchange among several portable devices like a laptop, and a cell phone.
Cont..
• Business Sector: Ad-hoc network could be used for rescuing and emergency processes for
adversity assistance struggles, for instance, in flood, fire or earthquake.
• Sensor Networks: managing home appliances with MANETs in both the case like nearby and
distantly. Tracking of objects like creatures. Weather sensing related activities.
• Backup Services: liberation operations, tragedy recovery, diagnosis or status or record handing in
hospitals, replacement of stationary infrastructure.
• Educational sector: arrangement of communications facilities for computer-generated conference
rooms or classrooms or laboratories .
Characteristics of MANET
• Dynamic Topologies: Network topology which is typically multihop, may change randomly and
rapidly with time, it can form unidirectional or bi-directional links. 
• Bandwidth constrained, variable capacity links: Wireless links usually have lower reliability,
efficiency, stability, and capacity as compared to a wired network
• Autonomous Behavior: Each node can act as a host and router, which shows its autonomous behavior.  
• Energy Constrained Operation: As some or all the nodes rely on batteries or other exhaustible means
for their energy.
 Mobile nodes are characterized by less memory, power, and lightweight features.   
• Limited Security: Wireless networks are more prone to security threats.
 A centralized firewall is absent due to its distributed nature of the operation for security, routing, and
host configuration. 
• Less Human Intervention: They require minimum human intervention to configure the network,
therefore they are dynamically autonomous in nature. 
Advantages of ad-hoc networks
• Mobility allows ad-hoc network created on the fly in any situation where there are multiple wireless
devices.
• Independence from central networks administration.
• Self configuring networks, node are also routers.
• Less expensive as compared to wired network.
• Improved Flexibility.
• These ad-hoc network can be temporarily set up in any place, at anytime.
• Scalable incorporates the addition of more nodes.
• Lower getting started costs due to decentralized administration.
• Separation from central network administration.
Disadvantages of ad-hoc networks
• Non-secure boundaries: Due to no clear secure boundary, MANET is vulnerable to various
kinds of attacks.
 It’s the nature of MANET that nodes have the freedom to join and leave the network.
• Compromised node: Some of the attacks are to get access inside the network in order to get
control over the nodes in the network to exploiting them; it means to accomplish their malicious
activities.
 it is very difficult for the nodes to prevent malicious behavior of nodes which they are
communicating with.
 It is very easy for a compromised node to change its position because of ad hoc mobility,
therefore often making it more hard and troublesome to trace the malicious activity.
 Cont..
• No central management: MANET is a self-arranged network, which is without a central control.
 This absence of centralized management causes MANET more insecure to attacks.
 In ad hoc networks, detecting attacks and monitoring the traffic in highly dynamic and for large scale
is very troublesome according to no central management.
• Problem of scalability: The network topology and the scale of the network, while designing, has
been defined and it would not change much during its life.
• Bandwidth constraints
• Processing capability
• Energy constraints
• High latency
• Transmission errors
References
• Wikipedia
• Geeksforgeeks.com
• Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Current Status and Future Trends , 2011