ANYBODY NEED A LIGHT?

The Age of Enlightenment

  Human beings are naturally violent, disorderly, cruel,
greedy, selfish
 To stop public chaos, people should form a social
contract - agreement to:
 give up their freedom
 Live obediently under a monarch
 The monarch will govern and protect the people
 The people do not have right to rebel against
government
Thomas Hobbes
 I SH
VIOLENT LF
SE
Hobbes

DISORDE
R

U EL
CR GREEDY
Hobbes
 NO
Freedom
OBEY
WITHOUT Hobbes
QUESTIO
N
Signed: the
People
RULE
TO
PROTECT
  Human beings are reasonable and moral
 People created government to protect natural rights –
rights that belonged to all humans from birth – right
to life, liberty, and property
 Government functioned best when its powers are
limited and acceptable to all citizens
 If government fails to do duty, people had the right to
overthrow government

John Locke
 Natural Rights

L E Locke
N AB
ASO Life
RE

MORAL

Liberty Property
 Locke
GOVERNMENT

protects
 Locke
GOVERNMENT
FAIL
E
D
protects
 Locke
NEW GOV’T

protects
Montesquieu – The Spirit of the Laws
 Government protects the freedom of the people by
separation of powers:
 Legislative
 Create laws
 Executive
 Execute laws
 Judiciary
 Interpret the law
 Judge using the law
 This system provides greater freedom by preventing
one person or group to gain too much power
Montesquieu – The Spirit of the Laws
 Montesquieu – Separation of Powers

Legislative Executive Judiciary

Create LAWS Implement LAWS Give meaning to LAWS

Congress President Supreme Court

Senate Secretaries Lower courts

House of
Governors, Mayors Judges
Representatives
Voltaire (a.k.a. Francois Marie Arouet)
 Fought for the freedom of thought and
freedom of speech
 Used his pen as his weapon against injustice
 “I disapprove of what you say, but I will
defend to death your right to say it.”
 “I disapprove of
what you say, but I
will defend to
death your right to
say it.”
Freedom to Voltaire
Speak
Noli Me Tangere

El Filibusterismo
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
 Human beings are naturally good but is
corrupted by the evils of society
 To preserve goodness, education is the BEST
ANSWER
 The good of the community as a whole
should be placed above individual interests
 Social contract – entire society agrees to be
governed by the general will
 Rousseau

CO
RR
UP
O D
IL

GO

T
EV
 Rousseau

CO
RR
UP
D
IL

T
B
EV
Rousseau
 Rousseau

o v er

Papitos tayo! McDo tau!

 Hobbes Locke Montesquieu Voltaire Rousseau

All people are All people are Gov’t should Freedom of All people are
evil good protect freedom speech good
To stop evil, People are Gov’t divides Freedom to Yet
people must entitled to life, into three speak what is in environment is
surrender liberty and their mind evil
freedom property
Follow without Government Executive- Education is the
question the must protect execute laws best thing to
king rights Legislative- fight evil
create laws
People can Judiciary-give Majority wins –
replace gov’t if meaning to laws group first
it fails before
individual
QUIZ – DRAMA PRESENTATION
 Create a 3-5 minute scenario in the modern times
that best illustrate the ideas of the Enlightenment.
 Each group will be assigned to each five (5) ideas.
 Presentation will be graded by its:
 Accuracy and Relevance
 Speech
 Gestures and Facial Expressions
 Props
 Use of Time
 DRAMATIZATION RUBRIC
  Outstanding Fair Needs Improvement
5 3 1
Speech Actors speak very clearly with Actors speak clearly. Actor speaks clearly but
_____ proper intonation. intonation is not proper.
Accuracy and Message of the scenario clearly Messages are accurate and Few messages are inaccurate.
Relevance represent the ideas of the represent the idea of the
_____ assigned thinker of the assigned thinker of the
Enlightenment. It is based on Enlightenment.
accurate and relevant data.

Gestures and Gestures and appropriate and Gestures are appropriate. Gestures and facial expressions
Facial Expression facial expressions convey are inappropriate.
_____ message and feelings.

Props Props and other materials are Some props and other materials No props and other materials
_____ used for effective presentation. are used. used.

Proper Use of The scenario ran itself in the The scenario ends at exact 3 or The scenario ran short of 3
Time span of 3 to 5 minutes. 5 minutes. minutes or overshot 5 minutes.
_____
QUESTIONS?