Analysis of Rankine Cycle with FWHs

Regeneration Cycle with Open FWH

 Synthesis of Rankine Cycle with OFWH

S 4  m 1  m mix  s4  S 5  m 1  m mix  s5

 
 p2=p6 ’
S 3  S 2  m mix  smix S 6  S 5  m mix  s5

  mix  s5
m
S1  m 1  s1  S 2  m 1  s2


m 1

S
 Analysis of OFWH

h6
y

h3 h2
1-y
Conservation of energy:

y  h6  1  y  h2  h3 y  h6  h2   h3  h2

h3  h2
y
h6  h2
 Analysis of Regeneration through OFWH
h3  h2
y
h6  h2
 
Q in  mh5  h4 
 
Q Out  m1  y h7  h1 
   
W net  W bleed  W cond  W pumps

h2  h1 & h4  h3  W pumps  0
  
  y h5  h6   1  y h5  h7 
W net  W bleed  W cond  m
 
m  y h5  h6   1  y h5  h7 
 W net

m h5  h4 

Q in


 y h5  h6   1  y h5  h7 
h5  h3 
y h5  h6  1  y h5  h7 
 
h5  h3  h5  h3 
h3  h2 h3  h1
y 
h6  h2 h6  h1
 Performance of FWH Cycle

0.49 ~ 12MPa
0.485
0.48
0.475
total 0.47
0.465
0.46
0.455
0.45
0 5 10 15 20

pregen, MPa
 Workoutput of bleed Steam

200 ~ 12MPa
180
160 y  h5  h6 
140
120
wbleed

100
80
60
40
20
0
0 5 10 15 20

pregen, MPa
 Workoutput of bleed Steam

1600
1400
1200
1000
wbleed

800
600
400
200
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
 Workoutput of bleed Steam

1600
1400
1200
1000
wbleed

800
600
400
200
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
 Progress in Rankine Cycle
Year 1907 1919 1938 1950 1958 1959 1966 1973 1975

MW 5 20 30 60 120 200 500 660 1300

p,MPa 1.3 1.4 4.1 6.2 10.3 16.2 15.9 15.9 24.1

Th oC 260 316 454 482 538 566 566 565 538

Tr oC -- -- -- -- 538 538 566 565 538

FHW -- 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 8

Pc,kPa 13.5 5.1 4.5 3.4 3.7 3.7 4.4 5.4 5.1

,% -- ~17 27.6 30.5 35.6 37.5 39.8 39.5 40

Open (Direct Contact) Feed Water Heater
Closed Feed Water Heater (Pumped Condensate)

   
Closed Feed Water Heater (Throttled Condensate)
Closed Feed Water Heater (Expanded Condensate)
Thermodynamic Analysis of A Power Plant
 ANALYSIS OF ‘ith’ FEED WATER HEATER

• Mass entering the turbine is m SG

m SG
STEAM IN
STEAM TURBINE

Mass of steam leaving the

STEAM
turbine is OUT
y(i+1)
yi,
 n
 yn,
m cond  m SG 1   yi  hbi
hb(i+1)
hbn

 i 1 

mie , mi,i, hf(i+1)

hfi
 RESULTS
GENERATIONS = 5000 /// NO OF FEED HEATERS = 6
S.NO Pmax Tmax Tmin Pmin Thermal Efficiency
Mpa oC oC Mpa ΔH = constant ΔT = constant Simulated

1 12.75 535 25.7 0.0033 43.4 47.6 50.64

2 23.5 540 26 0.0034 30.8 36.97 53.54
3 12.74 565 23.97 0.00298 44.39 46.72 51.2
4 15 550 40 0.0074 46.73 50.285 53.99
5 16.5 535 40 0.01 38.8 43.08 49.022
 RESULTS

S.NO Pmax Tmax Tmin Pmin W bledsteam Popt

1 12.75 535 25.7 0.0033 234.2 7.28 , 4.88 , 3.42 , 3.09 , 1.326 , 0.276
2 23.5 540 26 0.0034 302.09 5.3 , 2.23 , 1.096 , 0.779 , 0.651 , 0.0674
3 12.74 565 23.97 0.00298 242.16 8.28, 4.88, 3.7792, 2.0907, 0.48, 0.2597
4 15 550 40 0.0074 270.3 7.28 , 4.88 , 3.42 , 3.09 , 1.326 , 0.276
5 16.5 535 40 0.01 249.589 5.293, 2.33, 1.096, 0.779, 0.651, 0.0674
 RESULTS

NO OF FEED HEATERS = 6
S.NO H2 Pmax Tmax Tmin Pmin THERMAL EFFICIENCY
Simulated

1 1465 16.75 535 25.7 0.0033 49.19

2 1500 16.75 535 25.7 0.0033 49.022
3 1550 16.75 535 25.7 0.0033 49.022
4 1600 16.75 535 25.7 0.0033 49.022
 Block Diagram of A Large Steam Turbine
Main Steam Reheat Steam
HP

IP

Steam for LP LP
Reheating

OFWH 4
CFWH 3

CFWH 6 CFWH 5 CFWH 2

CFWH 1

Condenser
Phigh

Plow
 Reheat-Regeneration
cycle

Regeneration cycle

Improvement in efficiency due to reheating in a reheat-

regeneration cycle
Steam Turbine with Six FWHs
Performance of Steam Turbine with Six FWHs
Steam enters a high-pressure turbine at 8.75 MPa and 580 oC, reheats at 0.6 MPa back to
555 oC then enters a low-pressure turbine. After that it goes to a condenser. The condenser
pressure is 20 kPa. The system has six feed water heaters. Five are closed with terminal
temperature difference of 4 oC. The position of OFWH is before boiler. The extracted steam
to the feed water heater is extracted at the optimum working conditions. All the losses are
3.5%. The pumps and turbine isentropic efficiency are 85% and 90 %, respectively. The
fuel lower heating value is 38 MJ/kg and combustion efficiency = 93%. The machine rating
power is 135 MW.
a. Draw a block diagram and T-S diagram
b. Calculate the cycle thermal efficiency
c. Cycle work net
d. Mass flow rate of steam and fuel
e. Temperature raise through each feedwater heater.
f- Raise in the inlet temperature due to the FWHs.
g- % saving the fuel consumption due to FWHs.
h- % drop in work net due to FWHs.
 Heater Selection and Final Feedwater
Temperature
• In order to maximize the heat rate gain possible with ultra-
supercritical steam conditions, the feedwater heater
arrangement also needs to be optimized.
• In general, the selection of higher steam conditions will result
in additional feedwater heaters and a economically optimal
higher final feedwater temperature.
• In many cases the selection of a heater above the reheat point
(HARP) will also be warranted.
• The use of a separate desuperheater ahead of the top heater for
units with a HARP can result in additional gains in unit
performance.
Typical Single Reheat Heater Cycle with HARP
Effect of Final Feedwater Temperature and Reheat Pressure
on Turbine Net Heat Rate
Double Reheat Cycle with Heater above Reheat Point
 Double Reheat Super Critical Plants

Net efficiency on natural gas is expected to reach 49%.

Net efficiency on coal is expected to reach 47%.
Advanced 700 8C Pulverised Coal-fired Power Plant Project