CHAPTER 1- MORAL

z AGENT
Reporters:

Calapuan, Sheryl May C.

Calasan, Normalyn
Campong, Ibtizam H.
Cantila, Kaye P.
Fabillar, Mariane M
Fernandez, Apple A.
 z
TOPIC TO BE
DISCUSS:

 How Culture Shape Human

Behavior

 Cultural Relativism

 Universal Values

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How Culture Shape Human Behavior
z

culture is a complex
phenomenon. It
contains nearly all
What is culture?  aspects of shared
human experience.  
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 However, not all is well with culture's

power and control over people. Plato
worried about the idols and ideologies
of his day, and especially about the
power of the public to corrupt a young
person's mind. (insert picture) 
 z
 Symbols -symbol can be anything that a group of
people find meaningful. 

 Language -language is a complex symbol system

that enabled human beings to communicate either
verbally or through writing.
Elements of   Belief -belief is a assumptions or conviction held to
Culture be true by an individual or a group of people. 

 Values -values are culturally acceptable standards

of behavior.

  Norms -norms is an informal guidelines by a

particular group of people or social unit about what is
considered normal or correct /incorrect social
behavior. 
 How does culture define
z

moral behavior? 

 One of the revered founders of Western philosophy -

Plato in his famous philosophical work, The Republic
cited three critical elements that jointly influence the
human person's moral development.
 What zis Cultural Relativism?
Fundamentally, cultural relativism is a moral theory that depicts what is appropriate
relative to an individual's culture. Therefore, this concept tries to address various
ethical standings in different cultures. Using this concept, cultural relativism aims to
show that no culture is superior to the merits of morality or politics. Cultural relativism
is a concept that norms and values within a culture are developed according to a
particular social context.

Cultural Relativism Example

• Food choices are a good example because people have become more tolerant of food from
cultures that are not their own. In the past people were more likely to find some types
of foods unacceptable, but now they are more likely to not judge others based on their food
choices.
 Cultural
z relativism and how it affects to
our society?

 Cultural relativism maintains that man's

opinion within a given culture defines what
is right and wrong. Cultural relativism is
the mistaken idea that there are no
objective standards by which our society
can be judged because each culture is
entitled to its own beliefs and accepted
practices
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 Types of Cultural Relativism
z

There are two types of cultural relativism.

Absolute cultural relativism- indicates that whatever activities are

practiced within a culture, no matter how weird and dangerous they
appear to be, should not be questioned by other cultures.

Critical cultural relativism- asks questions about cultural practices

and why they are practiced. It seeks answers about the cultural
practices in line with who is accepting them and why they are doing so.
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 UNIVERSAL
VALUES
z

 The concept of "universal value" comes

from medieval Europe's "universalism".
The so-called "universalism"
emphasizes the supremacy of God.

 six universal moral value

 -Trustworthiness 

 -Respect 

 -Responsibility 

 -Fairness

  -Caring

 -Citizenship.
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 What is
z the possible results if respect for human life and telling the

truth are not respected? 

 Why there are Universal Values The three universal values shared
by all cultures are: 
 1. Caring for the young 

 2. Murder is wrong 

 3. Tell the truth 

 The theoretical point here is that " there are some moral rules that
all societies will have in common, because those rules are
necessary for society to survive " ( Rachels, 2004).
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THANK YOU FOR HAVE A GOOD DAY.

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