Prepared By: Teacher KEREN B.

AMAD
 At the end of the lesson, you
will be able to:

a. infer the characteristic of stars

based on the different
characteristic of the sun;
b. discuss how star are different
from planets; and
c. identify some star using the
characteristics.
 Life Cycle of Star
 Characteristics of Star
 Color
 Temperature
 Size
 Brightness
 STAR
A star is a great ball of gas formed mostly
from element hydrogen which is converted to
helium through a thermonuclear reaction
called fusion.
Characteristics of Stars
The Sun is an average star:
 it's not hot or cool
 it's not large or small.

We can compare stars by color, temperature,

size, and brightness.
 Color and Temperature
 Color: Color and temperature
Stars range in color from red, orange, yellow, white, are related.
to blue.
The 2 000 oC stars are
Red ------- Yellow (Sun) ------ Blue red in color.

 Temperature: The 50 000 oC stars

Stars range in temperature from 2 000 oC – 50 000 are in blue color.
oC

2 000 oC -------5 000 oC ------ 50 000 oC

Color and Temperature
 Light-year
A light-year is the distance traveled by light (at the speed of
300,000 km/s ) for a period of one year.
Light travels about 9 trillion km in one year.

Another unit to express distance is the parsec, which is equivalent

to 3.26 light-years.

1 light-years = 6 trillion km
1 parsec = 3.26 light-years
Distance of Some Stars
 Size
Compare to the sizes of the stars you see at
night to that of the sun. Isn’t the sun much
bigger than of them?
 Brightness
Brightness is related to the distance from the earth and
the age of the star.

Classifying stars by their brightness.

1st magnitude stars are the brightest

6th magnitude stars are the weakest
 Brightness
 Apparent Magnitude - refers to the brightness of a
star as it appears to us.

 Absolute Magnitude - refers to the actual brightness

given off by a star at a standard distance.
 Spectrum
Spectroscope: Used to measure the chemical
composition of the stars. (also temperature and
direction the star is moving in relation to the Earth.)

How? Set up a spectroscope with different tubes; each

gas has different spectra's - light patterns.
 Stars seem to twinkle, Do you see
them twinkle?
Light from the distant stars travels through various layers of the
atmosphere with different densities. The layers closest to the Earth
are denser than those in the upper layers because they contain dust
and other particles.

When light travels through a medium with varying densities, it

bends. For this reason, stars are seen to flick or twinkle.
 CONCEPT MICRO
 A star is a massive ball of plasma that emits light
throughout the universe.
 Our Sun is just one of the billion stars in the
universe.
 A star can be define by four characteristics: color,
temperature, size, and brightness.
 Stars are seen in the same relative positions year
after year.
 QUESTIONS
1. How is the color of a star related to its temperature?
The color of a star depends on its temperature, from red and orange
(cool stars) to yellow and white (hotter stars) to blue (very hot stars).

2. Explain why a cooler star could actually appear brighter than a

hotter star.
A cool star, such as a red giant, could be either closer to us or much
larger than a hotter star, such as a white dwarf. (Could be closer and
larger
 QUESTIONS
3. How do distances of stars are expressed?
Distance of stars are expressed in Light-years

4. What classification of color does Sun belong?

Yellow-dwarf

5. Why do we see sun as brighter?

Because it is nearer